Data Structures Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of primitive data structures?

They cannot be manipulated by machine-level instructions.

They represent fundamental data types built into programming languages. (correct)

They are always organized as collections of other data structures.

They include complex data types like arrays.

What is the main difference between linear and non-linear data structures?

Non-linear structures are always larger in size than linear structures.

Linear structures can only store one type of data element, unlike non-linear structures.

Linear structures can't be modified, while non-linear structures can be.

Linear structures maintain a direct sequential connection among elements, while non-linear structures do not. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in Java?

boolean

byte

char

Array (correct)

What can be said about non-primitive data structures?

They focus on forming homogeneous or heterogeneous data elements. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding static data structures?

They allocate memory at compile-time and cannot be resized. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of static data structures?

Memory is allocated at compile time. Signup and view all the answers

Which data structure follows the FIFO principle?

Queue Signup and view all the answers

In which type of data structure is memory allocated at runtime?

Stacks Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about arrays?

They store data elements in contiguous memory locations. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes non-linear data structures from linear ones?

There exists a hierarchical relationship among items. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a dynamic data structure?

Stack Signup and view all the answers

What does each node in a linked list contain?

Two fields: information and pointer. Signup and view all the answers

Which data structure allows insertion and deletion only from one end?

Stack Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a binary tree?

Each node can have a maximum of two children. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tree allows each node to have more than two children?

N-ary Tree Signup and view all the answers

What does a graph consist of?

A set of nodes and a set of edges. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does an N-ary tree differ from a binary tree?

An N-ary tree can have an arbitrary number of children. Signup and view all the answers

Which operation involves accessing each data element once?

Traversal Signup and view all the answers

What is one main use of graphs?

To solve real-world problems through interconnected networks. Signup and view all the answers

What does a ternary tree specifically allow for its nodes?

Three child nodes labeled as left, mid, and right. Signup and view all the answers

Which operation is responsible for combining two sorted lists into one sorted list?

Merge Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Data Structures

A data structure is a structured set of variables related to each other in various ways
It defines the relationship between data elements, enabling efficient data processing

Classification of Data Structures

Primitive Data Structures: Basic built-in data types in programming languages (e.g., Java)
- Byte: Stores whole numbers from -128 to 127
- Char: Stores individual characters
- Boolean: Stores true or false values
- Short: Stores whole numbers from -32,768 to 32,767
- Int: Stores whole numbers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
- Float: Stores floating-point numbers with single precision
- Long: Stores large whole numbers
- Double: Stores floating-point numbers with double precision
Non-Primitive Data Structures: Data structures that aren't directly manipulated by machine-level instructions
- Linear Data Structures: Data elements arranged in a sequential order
  - Static Data Structures: Fixed size and memory allocated at compile time, cannot be changed once created
    - Example: Array
  - Dynamic Data Structures: Size can change at run time memory is dynamically allocated
    - Example: Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues
  - Examples of Linear Data Structures
    - Array: Stores elements of the same data type in contiguous memory locations, accessed using indexes
    - Linked List: Stores elements in nodes connected by pointers and dynamically adjusts size
    - Stack: Follows Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle, insertions and deletions from the top
    - Queue: Follows First-In, First-Out (FIFO) principle, insertion at one end, removal at the other
- Non-Linear Data Structures: Data elements are not arranged in sequential order
  - Examples (Types of Non-Linear Data Structures)
    - Trees: Hierarchical structure with a root node and sub-nodes
      - Binary Tree: Each node has a maximum of two children
      - Ternary Tree: Each node has a maximum of three children
      - N-ary Tree: Each node has a maximum of 'n' children
    - Graphs: Network of nodes (vertices) connected by edges

Basic Operations of Data Structures

Traversal: Accessing each data element
Search: Finding data elements based on criteria
Insertion: Adding new data elements
Deletion: Removing specific data elements
Sorting: Arranging data in ascending or descending order
Merge: Combining sorted lists
Create: Reserve memory for data elements
Selection: Choosing data based on conditions
Update: Modifying data elements
Splitting: Dividing data into subparts to reduce processing time

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of data structures, including their classifications into primitive and non-primitive types. This quiz covers essential data types such as byte, char, and float, and their roles in programming languages like Java. Test your knowledge on how these structures enable efficient data processing.