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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of data structures?
What is the primary purpose of data structures?
Elementary items can be subdivided into smaller units.
Elementary items can be subdivided into smaller units.
False
Name one operation that can be performed on data structures.
Name one operation that can be performed on data structures.
Searching, Sorting, Insertion, Deletion, or Updating
A collection of records representing the entities in a specific entity set is known as a __________.
A collection of records representing the entities in a specific entity set is known as a __________.
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Match the data structure operations with their descriptions:
Match the data structure operations with their descriptions:
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What characteristic describes the order in which Stack operates?
What characteristic describes the order in which Stack operates?
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Static data structures have a flexible size and format.
Static data structures have a flexible size and format.
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Name the two types of arrays mentioned.
Name the two types of arrays mentioned.
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A Queue is a linear data structure that follows the __________ order.
A Queue is a linear data structure that follows the __________ order.
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Match the following data structures with their correct characteristics:
Match the following data structures with their correct characteristics:
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Which of the following is NOT a part of a graph data structure?
Which of the following is NOT a part of a graph data structure?
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Linear data structures can have multiple levels.
Linear data structures can have multiple levels.
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What distinguishes a directed edge from an undirected edge in a graph?
What distinguishes a directed edge from an undirected edge in a graph?
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In a graph, the number of edges attached to a vertex is referred to as its ______.
In a graph, the number of edges attached to a vertex is referred to as its ______.
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Which of the following data structures is considered non-linear?
Which of the following data structures is considered non-linear?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Memory usage in linear data structures is more efficient than in non-linear data structures.
Memory usage in linear data structures is more efficient than in non-linear data structures.
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Name two applications where non-linear data structures are commonly used.
Name two applications where non-linear data structures are commonly used.
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Which of the following data types can store both positive and negative values?
Which of the following data types can store both positive and negative values?
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A boolean data type can have more than two possible values.
A boolean data type can have more than two possible values.
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What is the primary storage size consumed by an integer data type?
What is the primary storage size consumed by an integer data type?
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Floating-point numbers are approximated using a _____ in a fixed base.
Floating-point numbers are approximated using a _____ in a fixed base.
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Match the data types with their descriptions:
Match the data types with their descriptions:
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Which data type is primarily used for arithmetic operations?
Which data type is primarily used for arithmetic operations?
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A fixed-point data type can have both signed and unsigned formats.
A fixed-point data type can have both signed and unsigned formats.
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Study Notes
Data Structures Overview
- Data is information optimized for processing and movement, facts and figures stored in computers.
- Data structures are specific ways of organizing data in a computer to be processed, stored, retrieved quickly and effectively.
- Data structures help with efficient data handling and ease of use.
Basic Terminology
- Data: Values or collections of values
- Data Item: Single unit of value
- Group Items: Subdivided data items
- Elementary Items: Data items that cannot be further broken down.
- Attribute and Entity: An entity is anything that has attributes (qualities) which can have values assigned. An entity set is a group of entities that have comparable properties.
- Field: A single unit of information representing an entity's attribute.
- Record: Collection of a specific entity's field values.
- File: A collection of records representing the entities in a specific entity set.
Data Structure Operations
- Searching: Locating a specific piece of data inside a data structure.
- Sorting: Ordering all elements in a structure (ascending/descending).
- Insertion: Adding new data items to the structure.
- Deletion: Removing data elements from the structure.
- Updating: Modifying or replacing existing parts of the structure.
Characteristics of Data Structures
- Linear or Non-Linear: Data arranged sequentially (arrays, graphs) or non-sequentially (trees, graphs).
- Static or Dynamic: Fixed format/size (static), or adaptable (dynamic) with memory locations.
- Time Complexity: Measures the time an algorithm takes to execute. Quicker execution is more accurate
- Correctness: Data structure has an interface, accurate implementation in its interface.
- Space Complexity: Managing memory usage efficiently, storage space isn't excessively occupied, proper function of the device.
- Execution Time Cases: Worst case (longest execution time), average case (average execution time), best case (shortest execution time).
Linear Data Structures
- Sequential arrangement, elements linked to those before and after.
- Stack: Last-in, first-out (LIFO) order of execution.
- Array: Contiguous memory locations for similar data types.
- Queue: First-in, first-out (FIFO) order.
- Linked List: Consecutive data structures linked to the first node.
Non-Linear Data Structures
- Non-sequential data organization.
- Elements have multiple paths to reach other elements
- Tree Data Structure: Hierarchical structure with a root node. Nodes have children.
- Graph Data Structure: Nodes connected by edges, no root node typical use in mapping of relations between a number of entities.
Linear vs Non-Linear Data Structures
- Linear: Data arranges sequentially (like arrays, stacks).
- Non-linear: Data organizes hierarchically or by connections (like trees, graphs).
Data Types
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Basic elements for classifying data.
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Used in data transmission between the programmer and the compiler.
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Boolean: Represents truth values (True or False).
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Integer: Stores positive, negative or zero integers.
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Floating Point: Approximates real values using a formula, for range and precision. Used for large or small numbers.
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Fixed Point: Stored in binary form (1s and 0s) for computational processes (using a specific calculation to interpret each bit)
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Character: Stores letters, numbers or other characters
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Strings: Sequences of characters (can either be fixed length or variable length)
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Pointers: Memory blocks that can be dynamically allocated.
How Data Structures Are Used
- Implementing abstract data types.
- Essential components for effective software design.
- Used in various aspects of software design such as data storage, memory allocation, retrieving data, managing resources, data exchange and ordering / sorting of data.
Additional Concepts
- Storing Data: Utilized for handling and efficient persistence by setting attributes and structures.
- Managing Resources and Services: Used to allocate, manage memory and process scheduling in operating systems.
- Data Exchange: Used for organizing data transfer between applications.
- Ordering and Sorting: Used to order or sort specific data, e.g., binary search trees.
- Indexing: Used to create indexes that speed up the searching of data e.g., B-trees and hash tables.
- Scalability: Used by big data applications to allocate and manage data storage across multiple sites.
- Choosing a Data Structure: Steps to consider when making a selection - analyzing the needed operations, constraining resources and selecting the best data structure.
- Supported Operations: Data type operations that are possible in a data structure.
- Computational Complexity: A metric of time and memory use by algorithms when executed.
- Programming Elegance: Simple but effective use of data structures when creating codes.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of data structures, including essential terminology and operations used in data management. Understand how data is organized, processed, and utilized effectively within computer systems. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge of basic data structures and their importance in computing.
