Data Structures: Lists and Sorting Algorithms

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the selection sort algorithm when sorting in ascending order?

Compare all elements to find the maximum

Set the first element as minimum (correct)

Set the last element as minimum

Exchange the first and last elements

What happens to the minimum value after each iteration in the selection sort process?

It remains at its original position

It is moved to the front of the unsorted list (correct)

It is discarded from the list

It is stored temporarily until all iterations are complete

How does the selection sort algorithm determine the smallest element during its process?

By swapping the elements in a random order

By comparing each element with the average of the list

By sorting the elements into pairs and comparing them

By comparing the current minimum with each subsequent element (correct)

What occurs after the last element has been processed in selection sort?

No further comparisons are made Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall procedure of selection sort regarding the unsorted list?

Repeatedly finds and places the minimum element in order Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a Bag from a List in terms of element order?

A List maintains the order of elements, unlike a Bag. Signup and view all the answers

Which method in a Bag removes an item at a specific index?

removeByIndex Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Add to end' operation imply in a Bag?

Items are appended without regard for order. Signup and view all the answers

How does a List remove an item compared to a Bag?

A List shifts items to maintain order after removal. Signup and view all the answers

Which sorting algorithm is most efficient for a dataset that is already sorted?

Insertion Sort Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of the 'IsEmpty' function in both Bag and List?

To check if the collection has elements. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main advantages of using a List over a Bag?

Lists maintain the order of elements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of constructors in a class?

Create and initialize objects of the class Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for getter functions?

Have the data structure read from keyboard input Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the toString function in a class?

Convert data into a string for console output Signup and view all the answers

Which operation is suggested to overload in a class?

Relational operators such as == and != Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct characteristic of a data structure class?

Include a default constructor for initializing an empty collection Signup and view all the answers

What mistake should be avoided in setter functions?

Directly expose the class's private data Signup and view all the answers

What function should not be left without a return path?

Any function performing calculations or data manipulation Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the do's when implementing a bubble sort algorithm?

Compare only adjacent elements in one pass Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a common mistake in function implementation?

Creating redundant code across multiple functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable operations for limiting console outputs in setters?

Setters should not provide console outputs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Data Structures: Lists and Sorts

CSC 1061 course covers data structures, specifically lists and sorting algorithms.
Objectives include designing and implementing collection classes using partially filled arrays, simulating various sorting methods (selection, bubble, insertion, merge, quick, and heap sorts), and explaining runtime advantages of different sorting approaches.

Data Structures: Bags and Lists

Bag: An unordered collection of values; duplicates are allowed.
List: An ordered collection of values; duplicates are allowed. List elements must be kept in order.

RemoveByIndex Example (Bag and List)

Bag Implementation: Removes an element by shifting elements and adjusting size. Returns true if removed, false otherwise. Time complexity can vary depending on implementation.
List Implementation: Removes an element by shifting elements and adjusting size. Returns true if removed, false otherwise. Time complexity can vary depending on implementation.

Comparing Bags and Lists

Similarities: Both can store duplicate items.
Differences: Bags are unordered, lists are ordered. Operations like GetItem, IsEmpty, and Add differ depending on whether the data structure is a Bag or List.

ADT (Abstract Data Type) Class Design Do's and Don'ts

Do's*
Constructors: Initialize objects and create members. Classes have data members, for instance setDataMember.
Getters (accessors): Methods to retrieve data, such as getDataMember.
Setters (modifiers): Methods to modify data, such as setDataMember.
toString: Format data for console output as a string.
toFileString: Format data for file output as a string. Overload operators for comparison. Examples: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=. Overloaded operators for insertion (<<) and extraction (>>).
Don'ts*
Data Structure Input/Output: Avoid reading data from the keyboard in getter functions or having data structure output in a setter function. This could lead to redundant or unnecessary code, causing ambiguity and inefficiency in the program if it's done frequently.
Redundant Code: Avoid writing duplicate code to avoid redundancy.
Return Paths: Ensure every function has a valid return path.
Inline Functions: Avoid using inline functions when there are more than one code instruction. This can lead to efficiency and ambiguity issues in large-scale programs.

Data Structure Class Do's and Don'ts

Do's:*
Default Constructor: Initialize an empty collection.
Invariant Rules: Follow data member rules appropriately.
Accessor Methods: Define appropriate getter methods for data retrieval. For example, methods to contains, get size, or check isEmpty.
Mutator Methods: Provide methods to modify data; for instance at, operator[], writeFile (for file output), append, readFile (for file input),removeItem, removeByIndex, and clearAll.
Don'ts:*
Data Input/Output: Avoid reading or writing data to/from the keyboard or console within a data structure.
Redundant Code: Avoid redundant code and ensure that code is consistent throughout the entire program.
Missing Return Paths: Ensure that all paths in each function lead to a return statement.
Inline Functions: Avoid exceeding one instruction in inline functions as this may cause program ambiguity.

Sorting Algorithms: Bubble Sort

Algorithm for sorting.
First iteration compares and swaps adjacent elements.
Remaining iterations repeat the process until all elements are sorted.

Sorting Algorithms: Selection Sort

Algorithm for sorting.
Sets the first element as minimum (or maximum).
Compares the minimum with subsequent elements.
Places the minimum element at the beginning of the unsorted portion.
Repeats until the list is sorted.

Sorting Algorithms: General Algorithm and BigO Analysis

Research the general algorithm and BigO analysis of Merge Sort, Insertion Sort, Quick Sort, and Shell Sort using XSortLab, ZyBooks weekly module, and Runestone Tutorials. This should include a deep dive into the specific algorithms. Analyze the time and space complexity of each sorting method.

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Description

This quiz focuses on data structures, highlighting the concepts of lists and various sorting algorithms as covered in CSC 1061. It aims to assess your understanding of implementing collection classes, simulating sorting methods, and elucidating the runtime advantages of different approaches. Prepare to dive into bags and lists while evaluating their functionalities and time complexities.