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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of Huffman Coding in data compression?
What is the primary purpose of Huffman Coding in data compression?
- To prevent any form of data loss
- To assign longer codes to more frequent characters
- To increase the size of the data
- To assign shorter codes to more frequent characters (correct)
Which step occurs immediately after creating leaf nodes in the Huffman tree construction?
Which step occurs immediately after creating leaf nodes in the Huffman tree construction?
- Assign codes to characters
- Traverse the tree
- Create a new internal node
- Arrange nodes by their frequency values (correct)
How is the frequency of a newly created internal node determined in the Huffman tree construction?
How is the frequency of a newly created internal node determined in the Huffman tree construction?
- It is the average of its child nodes' frequencies
- It is the frequency of the most frequent character
- It is set to zero
- It is the sum of its child nodes' frequencies (correct)
What is the correct sequence of nodes in the in-order traversal of the provided binary tree?
What is the correct sequence of nodes in the in-order traversal of the provided binary tree?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the prefix rule in Huffman Coding?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the prefix rule in Huffman Coding?
Which traversal method will yield the root node last in the visited sequence?
Which traversal method will yield the root node last in the visited sequence?
What is the assigned Huffman Code for the character 'u'?
What is the assigned Huffman Code for the character 'u'?
In the construction of the Huffman Tree, when is a new internal node created?
In the construction of the Huffman Tree, when is a new internal node created?
When performing a pre-order traversal, which node would be visited first?
When performing a pre-order traversal, which node would be visited first?
Which of the following accurately describes a post-order traversal?
Which of the following accurately describes a post-order traversal?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between character frequency and code length in Huffman Coding?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between character frequency and code length in Huffman Coding?
What is the resulting output of a pre-order traversal of the binary tree?
What is the resulting output of a pre-order traversal of the binary tree?
What weight is assigned to the left edges in a Huffman Tree?
What weight is assigned to the left edges in a Huffman Tree?
What would be the last node visited in an in-order traversal of the binary tree?
What would be the last node visited in an in-order traversal of the binary tree?
Which step does not occur during the post-order traversal process?
Which step does not occur during the post-order traversal process?
During which traversal is the output sorted in ascending order?
During which traversal is the output sorted in ascending order?
What defines a tree data structure as non-linear?
What defines a tree data structure as non-linear?
Which of the following statements about nodes in a tree is true?
Which of the following statements about nodes in a tree is true?
What is the depth of a node in a tree?
What is the depth of a node in a tree?
How many edges are there in a tree with n nodes?
How many edges are there in a tree with n nodes?
Why is a tree referred to as a recursive data structure?
Why is a tree referred to as a recursive data structure?
Which node in a tree contains no incoming edges?
Which node in a tree contains no incoming edges?
In a tree structure, how are nodes typically represented?
In a tree structure, how are nodes typically represented?
What feature differentiates a tree from linear data structures like arrays?
What feature differentiates a tree from linear data structures like arrays?
What type of rotation is performed when a node is inserted into the left-subtree of the left-subtree?
What type of rotation is performed when a node is inserted into the left-subtree of the left-subtree?
In the deletion process of an AVL tree, which type of rotation is applied if the node being deleted is in the left subtree of the critical node?
In the deletion process of an AVL tree, which type of rotation is applied if the node being deleted is in the left subtree of the critical node?
When a node A becomes unbalanced due to an insertion in its right subtree, which rotation is needed first?
When a node A becomes unbalanced due to an insertion in its right subtree, which rotation is needed first?
Which operation may lead to a violation of the AVL tree property requiring balancing?
Which operation may lead to a violation of the AVL tree property requiring balancing?
What are the two types of rotations used in an AVL tree during rebalancing?
What are the two types of rotations used in an AVL tree during rebalancing?
What happens to node A after a right rotation on node C during the rebalancing process?
What happens to node A after a right rotation on node C during the rebalancing process?
What condition characterizes node B when using R0 rotation?
What condition characterizes node B when using R0 rotation?
What guarantees that an AVL tree remains balanced after node insertions and deletions?
What guarantees that an AVL tree remains balanced after node insertions and deletions?
What happens to node B when R0 rotation is performed?
What happens to node B when R0 rotation is performed?
Which balance factor condition triggers an R1 rotation?
Which balance factor condition triggers an R1 rotation?
Which node becomes the root when R-1 rotation is executed?
Which node becomes the root when R-1 rotation is executed?
What is a key characteristic of a B-Tree?
What is a key characteristic of a B-Tree?
During R1 rotation, where does T1 get placed?
During R1 rotation, where does T1 get placed?
What effect does deleting node 60 have on the AVL tree?
What effect does deleting node 60 have on the AVL tree?
Which scenario leads to an R-1 rotation?
Which scenario leads to an R-1 rotation?
Why is a B-Tree preferred for disk access?
Why is a B-Tree preferred for disk access?
Study Notes
Huffman Coding
- Huffman coding is a method of data compression that assigns shorter codes to frequently occurring characters and longer codes to less frequent characters.
- This method follows the prefix rule, where the code of a character is not the prefix of any other character.
- The Huffman Tree is built by creating leaf nodes for each character, ordering them by frequency, combining the two nodes with the lowest frequencies into a new internal node, and repeating this process until all nodes are combined.
Tree Data Structure
- A tree is a non-linear hierarchical data structure where nodes are connected by edges.
- The topmost node is called the root node.
- Each node in a tree contains data and references to its child nodes.
- A tree can be defined recursively, as the root node contains links to the roots of its subtrees.
Tree Traversals
- In-order: Left subtree → Root → Right subtree. The output order of an in-order traversal of a binary search tree is the sorted key values in ascending order.
- Pre-order: Root → Left subtree → Right subtree.
- Post-order: Left subtree → Right subtree → Root.
Binary Search Tree (BST)
- A binary search tree is a binary tree where each node's key is greater than all keys in its left subtree and less than all keys in its right subtree.
AVL Trees
- An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree where the height difference between the two subtrees of any node is at most 1.
- Rotations are used to maintain balance after insertion or deletion.
- LR Rotations: This type of rotation is performed when a node is inserted into the right subtree of the left subtree, causing an imbalance.
- RL Rotations: This type of rotation is performed when a node is inserted into the left subtree of the right subtree, causing an imbalance.
B-Tree
- A B-Tree is an m-way search tree specifically designed for disk access.
- It allows for a large number of keys in a single node and relatively small height, improving disk efficiency.
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Description
Explore the concepts of Huffman coding and tree data structures in this quiz. Learn how Huffman coding compresses data and the fundamental properties of trees, including different traversal methods. Test your understanding of these key topics in computer science and data management.
