Data Structures: Group Data vs Elementary Data Items

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Questions and Answers

Which data structure is best suited for implementing a LIFO (Last In First Out) mechanism?

Linked List (correct)

Tree

Queue

Array

What is the time complexity of inserting an element at the beginning of an array with n elements?

$O(1)$

$O(n)$ (correct)

$O(log n)$

$O(n^2)$

Which operation is NOT typically performed on a data structure?

Sorting

Traversing

Merging

Hashing (correct)

In the context of data structures, what does 'traversing' refer to?

Accessing each element exactly once Signup and view all the answers

What does an algorithm provide in the process of solving a problem?

Step By Step process Signup and view all the answers

Which operation is not associated with the linear data structures mentioned in the text?

Merging Signup and view all the answers

What is the best definition of data in computer science?

A collection of facts and figures that can be subdivided into different segments Signup and view all the answers

Which type of data item cannot be subdivided into different segments?

Account Number Signup and view all the answers

What are primitive data structures?

Data structures directly supported by the programming language Signup and view all the answers

Which type of data structures organize their elements in a linear fashion?

Linear data structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a data structure?

To store and access data from computer memory Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language component defines non-primitive data types?

Language specification Signup and view all the answers

What does the Big Oh notation, Ο(n), express?

The upper bound of an algorithm's running time Signup and view all the answers

Which notation expresses both the lower and upper bounds of an algorithm's running time?

Theta notation (θ) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of running time on a slow machine, when does Binary Search start to perform better than Linear Search?

For large input sizes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Omega notation, Ω(n), in terms of algorithm analysis?

Represents the lower bound of running time Signup and view all the answers

In which data structure are elements stored in contiguous and adjacent memory locations?

Array Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Binary Search in comparison to Linear Search?

Searching a sorted array efficiently Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Data Structures

Commonly used linear data structures: arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues
Nonlinear data structures: trees, graphs, tables, and sets
Operations that can be performed on data structures:
- Traversing: accessing each data item exactly once for processing
- Searching: finding the location of a data item in a collection
- Inserting: adding a new data item to a collection
- Deleting: removing an existing data item from a collection
- Sorting: arranging data items in a specific order (ascending or descending)
- Merging: combining data items from two sorted files into a single file in sorted form

Algorithms

Derived from the name of Muslim scientist Abu Jafir Muhammad Iban-e-musa AlKhurzami
An algorithm is a step-by-step process to solve a problem, where each step indicates an intermediate task
Algorithm is the base of data structure and good programming

Data

Derived from the Latin word "Datum," meaning collection
Classified into two types:
- Group data item: can be subdivided into different segments (e.g., name)
- Elementary data item: cannot be subdivided into different segments (e.g., account number)

Data Structure

A mathematical way of storing data in computer memory
An organized collection of data
Primitive data structures are directly supported by the language (e.g., integer, character, real numbers)
Non-primitive data structures are created by the programmer
Linear data structures organize data elements in a linear fashion, making them easy to implement

Asymptotic Notations

Big Oh Notation (Ο): measures the upper bound of an algorithm's running time (worst-case time complexity)
Omega Notation (Ω): measures the lower bound of an algorithm's running time (best-case time complexity)
Theta Notation (θ): measures both the upper and lower bounds of an algorithm's running time

Arrays

A linear data structure that collects elements of the same data type
Stores elements in contiguous and adjacent memory locations
Works on an index system starting from 0 to (n-1), where n is the size of the array

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Description

Explore the classification of data into two types: Group Data Items and Elementary Data Items. Learn how data can be subdivided into different segments and understand the difference between group and elementary data items.