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Questions and Answers
Which data structure is best suited for implementing a LIFO (Last In First Out) mechanism?
Which data structure is best suited for implementing a LIFO (Last In First Out) mechanism?
- Linked List (correct)
- Tree
- Queue
- Array
What is the time complexity of inserting an element at the beginning of an array with n elements?
What is the time complexity of inserting an element at the beginning of an array with n elements?
- $O(1)$
- $O(n)$ (correct)
- $O(log n)$
- $O(n^2)$
Which operation is NOT typically performed on a data structure?
Which operation is NOT typically performed on a data structure?
- Sorting
- Traversing
- Merging
- Hashing (correct)
In the context of data structures, what does 'traversing' refer to?
In the context of data structures, what does 'traversing' refer to?
What does an algorithm provide in the process of solving a problem?
What does an algorithm provide in the process of solving a problem?
Which operation is not associated with the linear data structures mentioned in the text?
Which operation is not associated with the linear data structures mentioned in the text?
What is the best definition of data in computer science?
What is the best definition of data in computer science?
Which type of data item cannot be subdivided into different segments?
Which type of data item cannot be subdivided into different segments?
What are primitive data structures?
What are primitive data structures?
Which type of data structures organize their elements in a linear fashion?
Which type of data structures organize their elements in a linear fashion?
What is the main purpose of a data structure?
What is the main purpose of a data structure?
Which programming language component defines non-primitive data types?
Which programming language component defines non-primitive data types?
What does the Big Oh notation, Ο(n), express?
What does the Big Oh notation, Ο(n), express?
Which notation expresses both the lower and upper bounds of an algorithm's running time?
Which notation expresses both the lower and upper bounds of an algorithm's running time?
In terms of running time on a slow machine, when does Binary Search start to perform better than Linear Search?
In terms of running time on a slow machine, when does Binary Search start to perform better than Linear Search?
What is the purpose of Omega notation, Ω(n), in terms of algorithm analysis?
What is the purpose of Omega notation, Ω(n), in terms of algorithm analysis?
In which data structure are elements stored in contiguous and adjacent memory locations?
In which data structure are elements stored in contiguous and adjacent memory locations?
What is the primary use of Binary Search in comparison to Linear Search?
What is the primary use of Binary Search in comparison to Linear Search?
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Study Notes
Data Structures
- Commonly used linear data structures: arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues
- Nonlinear data structures: trees, graphs, tables, and sets
- Operations that can be performed on data structures:
- Traversing: accessing each data item exactly once for processing
- Searching: finding the location of a data item in a collection
- Inserting: adding a new data item to a collection
- Deleting: removing an existing data item from a collection
- Sorting: arranging data items in a specific order (ascending or descending)
- Merging: combining data items from two sorted files into a single file in sorted form
Algorithms
- Derived from the name of Muslim scientist Abu Jafir Muhammad Iban-e-musa AlKhurzami
- An algorithm is a step-by-step process to solve a problem, where each step indicates an intermediate task
- Algorithm is the base of data structure and good programming
Data
- Derived from the Latin word "Datum," meaning collection
- Classified into two types:
- Group data item: can be subdivided into different segments (e.g., name)
- Elementary data item: cannot be subdivided into different segments (e.g., account number)
Data Structure
- A mathematical way of storing data in computer memory
- An organized collection of data
- Primitive data structures are directly supported by the language (e.g., integer, character, real numbers)
- Non-primitive data structures are created by the programmer
- Linear data structures organize data elements in a linear fashion, making them easy to implement
Asymptotic Notations
- Big Oh Notation (Ο): measures the upper bound of an algorithm's running time (worst-case time complexity)
- Omega Notation (Ω): measures the lower bound of an algorithm's running time (best-case time complexity)
- Theta Notation (θ): measures both the upper and lower bounds of an algorithm's running time
Arrays
- A linear data structure that collects elements of the same data type
- Stores elements in contiguous and adjacent memory locations
- Works on an index system starting from 0 to (n-1), where n is the size of the array
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