Data Structures Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What are the two primary properties to measure the performance of an algorithm?

  • Instruction Space and Data Space
  • Environment Space and Time Complexity
  • Data Space and Instruction Space
  • Time Complexity and Space Complexity (correct)

    • What is an algorithm?

  • The core logic or solution to a problem (correct)
  • A complete code or program
  • A flowchart to represent a program
  • A high-level description of a program

    • What is Space Complexity?

  • The amount of time taken by the algorithm to execute
  • The number of lines of code in the program
  • The environment information needed to resume a suspended function
  • The amount of memory space required by the algorithm (correct)

    • What are the three components of space required by an algorithm?

    <p>Instruction Space, Data Space, and Environment Space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an array?

    <p>A sequence of objects of the same data type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of an array element?

    <p>It can be a function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are array elements stored in computer memory?

    <p>In a sequence of adjacent memory blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider Space Complexity?

    <p>Because it is important in multi-user systems and limited memory situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Data Structure?

    <p>A way of collecting and organizing data in an effective way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a Primitive Data Structure?

    <p>Integer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Data Structures?

    <p>To make the program more efficient by organizing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a Data Structure and an Algorithm?

    <p>A Data Structure is a way of organizing data, while an Algorithm is a set of instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a complex Data Structure?

    <p>Tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using Data Structures?

    <p>It makes the program more efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Algorithm?

    <p>A set of instructions to accomplish a task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Structures

    • A way of collecting and organizing data to perform operations effectively
    • Rendering data elements in terms of some relationship for better organization and storage
    • Examples: player's name "Virat" and age 26, organized as a record like Player record
    • Can be stored in a file or database as a data structure

    Basic Types of Data Structures

    Primitive Data Structures

    • Examples: Integer, Float, Boolean, Char, etc.
    • Basic types: Character (character, char), Integer (integer, int, short, long, byte), Floating-point number (float, double, real, double precision), Fixed-point number (fixed), Boolean (logical values true and false), Reference (also called a pointer or handle)

    Abstract Data Structures

    • Used to store large and connected data
    • Also known as complex Data Structures
    • Examples: Tree, Graph, Stack, Queue, etc.
    • Allow different operations to be performed on data

    Algorithm

    • A finite set of instructions or logic to accomplish a certain predefined task
    • Not the complete code or program, but the core logic (solution) of a problem
    • Can be expressed as an informal high-level description, pseudocode, or a flowchart
    • Performance measured by:
      • Time Complexity
      • Space Complexity

    Space Complexity

    • Amount of memory space required by the algorithm during execution
    • Must be taken seriously for multi-user systems and limited memory availability
    • Algorithm requires space for:
      • Instruction Space
      • Data Space
      • Environment Space

    Time Complexity

    • Amount of time needed by the program to run to completion
    • Represented by the time required to execute the algorithm

    Arrays

    • A sequence of objects of the same data type
    • Examples: names of persons, instrument readings, roll numbers of students
    • All elements of an array are of the same type (e.g., int, char, floating decimal point)
    • Array elements cannot be a mixture of different data types or functions
    • Stored in a sequence of adjacent memory blocks in computer memory

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    Description

    Learn about data structures, a way of collecting and organizing data for effective operations. Understand how to render data elements for better organization and storage.

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