Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of a stack data structure?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of a stack data structure?
- Tracking the history of visited pages in a web browser, where the most recently visited page is the first one to be returned to. (correct)
- Organizing files in a computer directory, where files are accessed based on their names.
- Storing a list of customer IDs in the order they registered for a service.
- Managing a queue of print jobs, where the first job submitted is the first to be printed.
In what way does a linked list most significantly differ from an array?
In what way does a linked list most significantly differ from an array?
- Linked lists require elements to be stored in contiguous memory locations, unlike arrays.
- Linked lists can only store elements of the same data type, unlike arrays.
- Linked lists allow for more efficient insertion and deletion of elements in the middle of the list compared to arrays. (correct)
- Linked lists are indexed, providing constant-time access to elements, similar to arrays.
What is the primary purpose of a hash function in a hashing data structure?
What is the primary purpose of a hash function in a hashing data structure?
- To encrypt the data before storing it in the data structure.
- To map keys to specific indices in a hash table for efficient data retrieval. (correct)
- To dynamically resize the hash table based on the number of elements.
- To sort the elements in ascending order before storing them.
Which characteristic most distinguishes a tree from other data structures like linked lists, stacks, and queues?
Which characteristic most distinguishes a tree from other data structures like linked lists, stacks, and queues?
How does a Min-Heap maintain its property?
How does a Min-Heap maintain its property?
When would a Trie data structure be most suitable over a binary search tree (BST) for storing strings?
When would a Trie data structure be most suitable over a binary search tree (BST) for storing strings?
Which of the following is a primary application of graph data structures?
Which of the following is a primary application of graph data structures?
Consider values [21, 22, 23, 24, 25] are inserted into a hash table of size 10 using the hash function H(x) = x % 10. At which index would the value 23 be stored?
Consider values [21, 22, 23, 24, 25] are inserted into a hash table of size 10 using the hash function H(x) = x % 10. At which index would the value 23 be stored?
How does Big O notation relate to data structures?
How does Big O notation relate to data structures?
What advantage do dynamic data structures offer over static data structures?
What advantage do dynamic data structures offer over static data structures?
Flashcards
Data Structure
Data Structure
A method of organizing data in a computer to optimize its effective usage.
Array
Array
Collection of data items of the same type, stored in contiguous memory locations, accessed using an index.
Linked List
Linked List
A linear data structure where elements are linked using pointers, not stored in adjacent memory locations.
Stack
Stack
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Queue
Queue
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Binary Tree
Binary Tree
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Heap
Heap
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Hashing
Hashing
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Matrix
Matrix
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Trie
Trie
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Study Notes
- Data structures organize data in a computer for effective use.
- A good data structure reduces space and time complexities, enabling efficient critical operations.
- Efficient data structures use minimum memory space and execution time.
- Data structures organize, process, retrieve, and store data.
- Knowledge of both basic and advanced data structures is essential in programming.
- Data structure and algorithm synthesis are related, requiring easy-to-understand data presentation.
- Data structures facilitate the organization, retrieval, management, and storage of data.
Array
- An array is a collection of data items stored in contiguous memory locations.
- Arrays store multiple items of the same type for easier element position calculation via offset from the base value.
Linked List
- Lists are linear, has elements not stored at contiguous locations
- Elements are linked using pointers.
Stack
- Stacks are linear data structures following LIFO or FILO order.
- Insertion and deletion occur at one end of the stack.
- Removing an element removes it from the top and returns it.
- Returns thetotal number of elements in the stack
- Indicates whether the stack is empty or not.
Queue
- Queues are linear structures following FIFO order.
- Items are inserted at one end and deleted from the other.
- Queues serve consumers in the order they arrived.
- Stacks remove the most recently added item, while queues remove the least recently added item.
Tree
- Unlike linear structures, trees are hierarchical data structures.
- A binary tree has at most two children per node: left and right.
- Binary trees are implemented using links.
- A binary tree is represented by a pointer to the topmost node. If the tree is empty, the root is NULL.
- A binary tree node contains specific parts.
Heap
- A heap is a complete binary tree data structure.
- Max-Heap: The root node's key is the greatest among its children, true for all sub-trees.
- Min-Heap: The root node's key is the smallest among its children, true for all sub-trees.
Hashing
- Hashing uses a hash function to map values to keys for faster element access.
- Mapping efficiency depends on the hash function.
- Example: H(x) maps value x to index x%10; values [11, 12, 13, 14, 15] are stored at positions {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Matrix
- A matrix is a collection of numbers in rows and columns, enclosed in parentheses or brackets.
Trie
- Tries are efficient information retrieval data structures.
- Tries offer optimal search complexities (key length), searching a key in O(M) time.
- Storing keys in a balanced BST requires M * log N time, where M is the string length and N is the number of keys.
- Using Trie affects storage requirements.
Graph
- Graphs consist of nodes (vertices) connected by edges.
- Graphs represent relationships between objects.
- Used in social, transportation, and computer networks.
- They are widely used in computer science and other fields.
Static and Dynamic
- Fundamental building blocks of computer programming.
- Understanding data structures is important for developing efficient and effective algorithms.
- Static data structures have a fixed size
- Dynamic data structures do not have a fixed size
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Description
Overview of data structures, including what they are, how they are used, and why they are important. Focus on arrays, linked lists and stacks. Explanation of array, linked list and stack data structures.
