Data Structures and Algorithms Quiz

A way to collect and organize data to perform operations effectively.

Basic data types like integer, float, boolean, char.

The most basic data types, defined by programming language rules.

Requires analyzing constraints, operations, and quantifying operations using an appropriate data structure.

Includes space needed for data, time for operations, and development effort.

Each offers tradeoffs for specific tasks (some fast search others fast insertion/deletion).

Data structures enable efficient operations like searching, insertion, and deletion.

To choose the best data structure, analyze resource use limitations and requirements for operations.

A way of organizing data in a computer's memory to perform operations efficiently. It includes elements, their relationships, and allowed operations.

Data structures consist of: 1) a set of data elements, 2) the logical relationships between these elements, and 3) a set of operations allowed on the data.

Represents whole numbers (integers), with the maximum or minimum value determined by the computer's word length.

Represents numbers with decimal points, including fixed-point and floating-point numbers.

Represents characters such as letters, numbers, and symbols. Each character is stored as a binary code.

Represents Boolean values (true or false) used for logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT.

Lists all possible values a variable can have.

Stores memory addresses that point to variables, files, or functions. They are frequently used to manage data in computer memory.

A collection of values that a variable, constant, function, or expression can hold. It determines the kind of data a computer can process.

A simple data structure that uses basic data types like integers, floats, or strings as its elements. Examples include arrays, strings, and records.

A collection of elements of the same data type, referenced under a common name. Think of it as a list of items.

A special type of array that stores characters. It's a sequence of letters, numbers, or symbols.

A collection of elements of different data types, referenced under a common name. Think of it as a collection of information about one thing.

A description of how data is structured and the operations that can be performed on it, without detailing the implementation.

The actual implementation of a data structure defined by an ADT, using specific programming languages and data types.

Data structures can be classified by characteristics such as their structure (linear vs. non-linear), access methods (sequential vs. random), and dynamic vs. static behavior.

A data structure where elements are arranged in a sequence, like a line.

A data structure where elements are not arranged in a sequence, like a tree or a graph.

A data structure where all elements are of the same type.

A data structure where elements can be of different types.

A data structure where the size is fixed at creation and cannot be changed later.

The principle of hiding implementation details of an ADT from the user.

A specific way to organize data in a computer's memory, designed to support efficient operations.

Logical: How we understand data (e.g., the concept of a number). Physical: Its representation in memory (e.g., a 32-bit integer).

A fixed-size collection of elements, stored consecutively in memory.

A structure that can grow or shrink as needed during program execution.

Elements are connected by pointers, allowing for size changes and efficient insertion/deletion.

Essential for efficient data management, especially when dealing with large datasets or complex relationships.

Working together, with data structures providing the storage and algorithms providing the operations on that data.

A data structure where items are added and removed in a specific order, last in, first out (LIFO). It's like a stack of plates - you take the top one off first.

A data structure where items are added and removed in a first in, first out (FIFO) order. It's like a line at the grocery store - the first person in line is served first.

A data structure where elements are connected in a linear sequence. Each element points to the next, like a chain.

A hierarchical data structure with a root node at the top and branches extending downwards. Each node can have multiple sub-nodes, like a family tree.

A non-linear data structure made of nodes connected by edges. It represents relationships between items, like connections in a social network.

A data structure that organizes strings based on their prefixes. It's like a search tree for words.

A data structure that stores key-value pairs using a hash function to map keys to specific locations in the table.

Choosing the right data structure is essential for efficient code. An unsuitable choice can lead to slow runtimes or unresponsive code.