Data Science Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data from a database?

  • SELECT (correct)
  • DELETE
  • INSERT
  • UPDATE

What method is used to remove duplicates from a Pandas DataFrame?

  • df.drop_duplicates() (correct)
  • df.clear_duplicates()
  • df.delete_duplicates()
  • df.remove_duplicates()

Which of the following is NOT a popular R library for data science?

  • caret
  • TensorFlow (correct)
  • dplyr
  • ggplot

What is the main purpose of regression analysis?

<p>To measure the strength of the relationship between variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Model Deployment in data science?

<p>To make a machine learning model accessible to third-party applications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mode represent in a dataset?

<p>The value that occurs most frequently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of visualization is most appropriate for showing the relationship between two continuous variables?

<p>Scatterplot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command lets you see the state of your working directory?

<p>git status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Fully Integrated Visual Tools in data science?

<p>They support all data science tasks, either partially or completely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are samples often used instead of the entire population?

<p>To reduce the cost of data collection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an explanatory variable in a regression model?

<p>Beauty score (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the t-distribution as the degrees of freedom increase?

<p>It approaches the standard normal distribution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Z-value represent in a standard normal distribution?

<p>The number of standard deviations a value is from the mean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What file format is used to save Jupyter Notebook files?

<p>ipynb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of machine learning?

<p>Visual learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main measures of central tendency?

<p>Mean, median, mode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct function to fill missing data in a DataFrame with a specified value?

<p>fillna() (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is primarily used to evaluate the predictive performance of a model in data science?

<p>Cross-validation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to check the status of your Git repository?

<p>git status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of variable does the beauty score represent in a regression model?

<p>Explanatory variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of execution environments is crucial in the model deployment phase?

<p>Model training and deployment facilitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a join operation in SQL?

<p>To combine multiple tables based on a related key (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the shape of the t-distribution as the sample size increases?

<p>It approaches the standard normal distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accurately describes JupyterLab?

<p>An interactive environment for Jupyter Notebook (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines ratio data?

<p>Quantitative data with a true zero point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which programming languages are primarily supported by Jupyter Notebook?

<p>Julia, Python, R (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Interquartile Range (IQR) in the context of normally distributed data?

<p>The range between the first and third quartiles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the median?

<p>It divides the dataset into equal halves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an open data source?

<p>Kaggle datasets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of using a T-test in regression analysis?

<p>To assess statistically significant differences between group means (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent challenge in data science today?

<p>Overabundance of data and processing capabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the '//' operator perform in Python?

<p>Calculates the integer division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does standard deviation indicate in a data set?

<p>The number of standard deviations a value is from the mean (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which file format is used to save Jupyter Notebook files?

<p>ipynb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding basic data types in Python?

<p>String is one of the basic data types in Python (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main measures of central tendency?

<p>Mean, median, mode (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many possible outcomes are there when rolling two standard six-sided dice?

<p>36 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of values for probability?

<p>0 to 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the business problem crucial in data science?

<p>It helps define objectives and informs the approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the concept of Big Data?

<p>Data that requires advanced tools to process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

SQL retrieval statement

The SQL statement used to extract data from a database table.

Pandas drop duplicates

Method to remove duplicate rows in a Pandas DataFrame.

Regression analysis purpose

Quantifies the relationship between variables.

IDE role in data science

Tools that support data scientists to develop, test and deploy code.

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ETL process

Extract, Transform, and Load data.

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Fully Integrated Visual Tools

Tools support all aspects of data science.

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Model Deployment purpose

Making a model usable by other applications.

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Mode in a dataset

Value that occurs most frequently.

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Ordinal Data

Data with a meaningful order, but differences between values are not precise.

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Interval Data

Data with a meaningful order and equal intervals between values, but no true zero point.

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Ratio Data

Data with a meaningful order, equal intervals, and a true zero point. Ratios make sense.

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Categorical Data

Data representing categories or groups, without inherent order.

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Jupyter Notebook Languages

Jupyter Notebook primarily supports Python, R, and Julia.

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R Characteristic

R integrates well with other languages like C++ and Python.

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IQR in Normally Distributed Data

Interquartile Range (IQR) represents the range between the first and third quartiles.

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Median

The median divides the data into two equal halves.

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Cross-validation in data science

A technique to evaluate how well a statistical model generalizes to new data.

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Python tuple type

An ordered, immutable sequence of items in Python.

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Pandas fillna() method

Replaces missing values in a DataFrame with a specified value.

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Python machine learning library

Scikit-learn is a popular Python library for various machine learning algorithms.

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SQL JOIN

Combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

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Git working directory status

Displays the current state of the files and changes in the git repository.

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Explanatory variable in regression

A variable used to predict or explain another variable.

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Execution environment in data science

A platform for training and deploying machine learning models.

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git status command

Displays the current state of the Git working directory, showing any changes that have been made but not yet committed.

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Sampling instead of population

Using a smaller representative subset of data (sample) to avoid the high cost and time commitment of analyzing an entire dataset.

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Explanatory variable (regression)

A variable in a regression model that is used to predict or explain the outcome variable.

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Execution Environments (data science)

Tools or platforms providing an isolated environment for running and deploying machine learning models.

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t-distribution and degrees of freedom

As degrees of freedom increase, the t-distribution becomes closer to the standard normal distribution.

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JupyterLab

An interactive environment for coding, especially useful for data science with its notebook interface (Jupyter Notebook).

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z-value (standard normal)

Represents the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean of a standard normal distribution.

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Jupyter Notebook file format

.ipynb (IPython Notebook) format is used to save Jupyter Notebook documents.

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Range of data

Difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset.

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Sum of data values

Total of all values in a data set.

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Mean-Mode Difference

The difference between the average (mean) and the most frequent value (mode) in a dataset.

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Standard deviations

Measuring how much data points deviate from the average (mean).

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Jupyter Notebook File Format

.ipynb is the standard file extension for Jupyter Notebooks.

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Non-Machine Learning Type

Visual learning is not a recognized type of machine learning.

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Central Tendency Measures

Mean, median, and mode describe the center of a dataset.

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Possible Dice Outcomes

There are 36 possible outcomes when rolling two six-sided dice.

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Study Notes

SQL Statements for Data Retrieval

  • SELECT is used to retrieve data from a database.

Removing Duplicates in Pandas

  • df.drop_duplicates() is used to remove duplicates from a Pandas DataFrame.

R Libraries for Data Science

  • dplyr and caret are popular R libraries for data science.
  • TensorFlow is not a popular R library for data science.

Regression Analysis Purpose

  • Regression analysis measures the strength of the relationship between variables.

Role of IDEs in Data Science

  • IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) help data scientists implement, test, and deploy their work.

ETL Process in Data Science

  • ETL stands for Extract, Transform, and Load.

Key Characteristic of Visual Tools

  • Fully integrated visual tools support all data science tasks, either partially or completely.

Model Deployment Purpose

  • Model deployment makes machine learning models accessible to third-party applications.

Mode in a Dataset

  • The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a dataset.

ggplot2 Library Purpose

  • ggplot2 is a library for data visualization.

REST APIs Definition

  • REST APIs enable interaction with web services via the internet.

Visualization for Continuous Variables

  • A scatterplot is the most appropriate visualization for showing the relationship between two continuous variables.

Working Directory Command

  • git status displays the state of the working directory in Git.

Using Samples Instead of Populations

  • Samples are often used instead of populations to reduce the cost of data collection.

Explanatory Variable in Regression

  • Beauty score is an example of an explanatory variable in a regression model.

Execution Environments Feature

  • Execution environments facilitate model training and deployment in data science.

T-Distribution and Degrees of Freedom

  • As degrees of freedom increase, the t-distribution approaches the standard normal distribution.

JupyterLab Description

  • JupyterLab is an interactive environment for Jupyter Notebook.

Z-Value in Standard Normal Distribution

  • The Z-value represents the number of standard deviations a value is from the mean in a standard normal distribution.

Jupyter Notebook File Format

  • Jupyter Notebook files are saved in the .ipynb format.

Types of Machine Learning

  • Visual learning is not a type of machine learning.
  • Other types include supervised and unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Measures of Central Tendency

  • Mean, median, and mode are the three main measures of central tendency.

Possible Outcomes of Rolling Two Dice

  • There are 36 possible outcomes when rolling two standard six-sided dice.

Probability Range

  • Probability values range from 0 to 1.

Data Visualization Tools

  • Data visualization tools are essential for both initial exploration and final deliverables.

Ratio Data Definition

  • Ratio data is characterized by a natural zero point.

Programming Languages for Jupyter Notebooks

  • Jupyter Notebooks primarily support Julia, Python, and R.

Characteristics of R

  • R integrates well with languages like C++ and Python.

IQR in Normally Distributed Data

  • IQR stands for interquartile range.

Median Definition

  • The median is the middle value in a dataset.
  • It is not affected by extreme values.

Open Data Sources

  • Kaggle datasets are an example of an open data source.

T-test Purpose

  • A T-test helps determine if there's a statistically significant difference between two groups' averages.

Biggest Data Science Challenges

  • One of the biggest challenges in data science is the overabundance of data and the ability to process it.

Python NumPy Arrays

  • NumPy arrays, unlike Python lists, cannot contain elements of different data types.

Python // Operator

  • The // operator performs floor division in Python.

Python init Method

  • The __init__ method in a Python class initializes an object's attributes.

Pandas groupby Function

  • The groupby() function in Pandas groups DataFrame rows based on column values.

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential concepts in data science, including SQL statements, data manipulation in Pandas, the use of R libraries, and regression analysis. This quiz will also cover model deployment and the importance of ETL processes in data science.

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