Data Science Concepts: Z-Score and Data Ethics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of subsetting the data in data science?

  • To discard irrelevant data
  • To divide the data into smaller, more manageable parts (correct)
  • To analyze the entire dataset
  • To visualize the data

    • What is the term for a small set of data taken from a larger set of data?

  • Dataset
  • Population
  • Subset (correct)
  • Sample

    • What is the primary focus of the second chapter of the textbook?

  • Ethics in Data Science
  • Use of Statistics in Data Science (correct)
  • Data Merging
  • Data Visualization

    • What is the term for a measure of how much individual data points deviate from the mean?

    <p>Standard Deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the middle value in a dataset when it is arranged in order?

    <p>Median</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of studying data science?

    <p>To analyze and visualize data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a set of data that is a part of a larger dataset?

    <p>Subset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of dividing a larger dataset into smaller parts?

    <p>Data Subsetting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of subsetting in data analysis?

    <p>To observe just the required set of data by filtering out unnecessary content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of subsetting involves selecting specific columns from the dataset?

    <p>Column-based subsetting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of subsetting a table with 100 rows and 100 columns to retrieve the first 5 rows and columns?

    <p>A dataset with 5 rows and 5 columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of selecting a part of the data from a data frame?

    <p>Data subsetting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of subsetting a large dataset?

    <p>It reduces the size of the dataset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of row-based subsetting?

    <p>To retrieve a part of the data from the top or bottom of the table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the smaller table that is created after subsetting?

    <p>Subset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is subsetting a significant component of data management?

    <p>It helps to focus on the relevant data and reduce unnecessary information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of selecting specific columns of a dataset known as?

    <p>Column-based subsetting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of data-based subsetting?

    <p>To select specific rows of a dataset based on certain conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a two-way frequency table used to demonstrate?

    <p>The observed number or frequency for two variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the rows in a two-way frequency table indicate?

    <p>One category of the variable being studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information can be obtained from a two-way frequency table?

    <p>The number of people who were questioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of subsetting in data analysis?

    <p>To select specific parts of the data based on certain conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of subsetting based on age categories?

    <p>A table with selected rows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a two-way frequency table?

    <p>It allows for the analysis of multiple variables simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of table is used when there are different sample sizes in a dataset?

    <p>Two-way relative frequency table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a two-way frequency table and a two-way relative frequency table?

    <p>One considers percentage and the other considers numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using row relative frequencies or column relative frequencies in a two-way relative frequency table?

    <p>To compare preferences in different contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of mean in data science?

    <p>The value in the dataset around which the entire data is spread out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the mean of a dataset calculated?

    <p>By adding up all the values in the dataset and dividing by the number of values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the example dataset used to illustrate how to find the mean?

    <p>Array = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the mean of a dataset?

    <p>To summarize the central tendency of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about how values are weighted when calculating the mean of a dataset?

    <p>All values are weighted equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a dataset with an odd number of records, how is the median calculated?

    <p>By finding the middle value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using the median as a measure of central tendency?

    <p>It is less affected by outliers in the dataset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the mean when there is an outlier in the dataset?

    <p>It deviates greatly from the regular values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the median a more effective measure of central tendency in certain scenarios?

    <p>Because it is less affected by outliers in the dataset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of calculating the median for an even number of records?

    <p>The average of the two middle points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using the median instead of the mean in certain scenarios?

    <p>Because the median is less affected by outliers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using the median as a measure of central tendency in the given example?

    <p>It is a more accurate measure of central tendency when there are outliers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of having an outlier in the dataset in the given example?

    <p>The mean deviates greatly from the regular values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Analysis Techniques

    • Subsetting is a significant component of data management, used for selecting and filtering variables and observations.
    • It helps to observe only the required set of data by filtering out unnecessary content.

    Subsetting Methods

    • Row-based subsetting: selecting specific rows from the top or bottom of the table.
    • Column-based subsetting: selecting specific columns from the dataset.
    • Data-based subsetting: breaking down the data into specific categories and selecting only those rows that meet the criteria.

    Two-Way Frequency Tables

    • A two-way frequency table is a statistical table that demonstrates the observed number or frequency for two variables.
    • It shows how many data points fit in each category.
    • The row category and column category are used to organize the data.

    Interpreting Two-Way Tables

    • Two-way relative frequency tables are helpful when there are different sample sizes in a dataset.
    • Percentages make it easier to compare the preferences.

    Mean

    • Mean is a measure of central tendency, also known as the simple average.
    • It is an average value of a data set.
    • Mean is calculated by adding up all the values in the data set and dividing them by the number of values present.

    Data Merging and Statistics

    • Z-Score: a measure of how many standard deviations an element is from the mean.
    • Percentiles: a measure of the value below which a certain percentage of data points fall.
    • Quartiles: a measure of the value below which 25% or 50% of data points fall.
    • Deciles: a measure of the value below which 10% of data points fall.

    Ethics in Data Science

    • Data governance framework: a set of rules and guidelines for managing and analyzing data.
    • Ethical guidelines around data analysis: guidelines for ensuring that data analysis is fair and unbiased.
    • Discarding the Data: the importance of properly disposing of data that is no longer needed.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key data science concepts including z-score, percentiles, quartiles, and deciles. It also explores ethics in data science, including data governance and guidelines.

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