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Questions and Answers
What does sampling frame refer to?
What is sample unit in the context of the given text?
According to Babbie (2016), what factor should a researcher consider when selecting respondents for a study?
What does sample size refer to?
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What is population in the context of research?
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What is meant by ‘representatives of a certain population’ in the context of sampling?
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What is the recommended confidence level for researchers to achieve?
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Which sampling technique is prone to bias due to the use of pre-selected samples?
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What kind of population consists of individuals with varied capabilities and characteristics?
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Which statistical technique determines the accuracy and exactness of the samples?
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What type of sampling method relies on the researcher's selection of respondents on pure chance?
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What is the type of sampling technique that subdivides the sample into sub-groups during the stage of data analysis?
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Which method chooses a sample that later on be subdivided into sub-groups during the stage of data analysis?
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What is the type of sampling scheme in which sample members from a larger population are chosen according to a random starting point and a fixed, periodic interval?
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What is the method of choosing respondents in clusters, rather than as separate individuals?
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What type of method divides a sample of people based on their religious affiliation, age, and others?
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Study Notes
Sampling Frame and Sample Unit
- A sampling frame is a list or database of the elements from which a sample is drawn for a study.
- A sample unit is the individual or element that is selected from the sampling frame, serving as the basic unit of analysis.
Factors in Selecting Respondents
- Researchers should consider the representativeness of the sample to ensure accurate generalization of findings to the population.
Sample Size and Population
- Sample size refers to the number of observations included in the sample, impacting the study's reliability and validity.
- Population in research denotes the entire group of individuals or instances that meet specific criteria that the researcher is studying.
Representativeness in Sampling
- "Representatives of a certain population" means that the sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the larger population to allow for reliable conclusions.
Confidence Level
- The recommended confidence level for researchers is typically set at 95%, indicating a 5% risk of concluding that a difference exists when there is none.
Bias and Sampling Techniques
- Convenience sampling is prone to bias due to the use of pre-selected samples that may not adequately represent the broader population.
- A heterogeneous population consists of individuals with varied capabilities and characteristics, necessitating careful sampling strategies.
Statistical Techniques
- Statistical techniques such as margin of error calculations assess the accuracy and exactness of samples regarding population parameters.
Random Sampling Methods
- Simple random sampling relies on pure chance for selecting respondents, reducing selection bias.
- Systematic sampling involves choosing sample members from a larger population using a random starting point and a fixed interval.
Cluster and Sub-group Sampling
- Cluster sampling involves choosing respondents in groups (clusters) rather than as separate individuals, making data collection more efficient.
- Stratified sampling divides a sample based on shared characteristics such as religious affiliation or age, ensuring different segments are represented in the study.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the methods of acquiring representative samples from a population for research purposes. Understand key concepts such as population, sample, and sampling frame.
