16 Questions
What does sampling frame refer to?
The list of the members of the population to which the researcher wants to generalize
What is sample unit in the context of the given text?
The individuals in the population
According to Babbie (2016), what factor should a researcher consider when selecting respondents for a study?
Sample size
What does sample size refer to?
How small or big the sample size is
What is population in the context of research?
A huge group of people where you can choose a sample
What is meant by ‘representatives of a certain population’ in the context of sampling?
The method of acquiring representatives of a certain population
What is the recommended confidence level for researchers to achieve?
0.05 level
Which sampling technique is prone to bias due to the use of pre-selected samples?
Non-probability sampling
What kind of population consists of individuals with varied capabilities and characteristics?
Heterogeneous population
Which statistical technique determines the accuracy and exactness of the samples?
Statistical Techniques
What type of sampling method relies on the researcher's selection of respondents on pure chance?
Simple-random Sampling
What is the type of sampling technique that subdivides the sample into sub-groups during the stage of data analysis?
Stratified Sampling
Which method chooses a sample that later on be subdivided into sub-groups during the stage of data analysis?
Stratified Sampling
What is the type of sampling scheme in which sample members from a larger population are chosen according to a random starting point and a fixed, periodic interval?
Systematic Sampling
What is the method of choosing respondents in clusters, rather than as separate individuals?
Cluster Sampling
What type of method divides a sample of people based on their religious affiliation, age, and others?
Stratified Sampling
Study Notes
Sampling Frame and Sample Unit
- A sampling frame is a list or database of the elements from which a sample is drawn for a study.
- A sample unit is the individual or element that is selected from the sampling frame, serving as the basic unit of analysis.
Factors in Selecting Respondents
- Researchers should consider the representativeness of the sample to ensure accurate generalization of findings to the population.
Sample Size and Population
- Sample size refers to the number of observations included in the sample, impacting the study's reliability and validity.
- Population in research denotes the entire group of individuals or instances that meet specific criteria that the researcher is studying.
Representativeness in Sampling
- "Representatives of a certain population" means that the sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the larger population to allow for reliable conclusions.
Confidence Level
- The recommended confidence level for researchers is typically set at 95%, indicating a 5% risk of concluding that a difference exists when there is none.
Bias and Sampling Techniques
- Convenience sampling is prone to bias due to the use of pre-selected samples that may not adequately represent the broader population.
- A heterogeneous population consists of individuals with varied capabilities and characteristics, necessitating careful sampling strategies.
Statistical Techniques
- Statistical techniques such as margin of error calculations assess the accuracy and exactness of samples regarding population parameters.
Random Sampling Methods
- Simple random sampling relies on pure chance for selecting respondents, reducing selection bias.
- Systematic sampling involves choosing sample members from a larger population using a random starting point and a fixed interval.
Cluster and Sub-group Sampling
- Cluster sampling involves choosing respondents in groups (clusters) rather than as separate individuals, making data collection more efficient.
- Stratified sampling divides a sample based on shared characteristics such as religious affiliation or age, ensuring different segments are represented in the study.
Test your knowledge on the methods of acquiring representative samples from a population for research purposes. Understand key concepts such as population, sample, and sampling frame.
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