Podcast
Questions and Answers
Define a field or data item.
Define a field or data item.
A field or data item represents an attribute of some entity, such as an object, person, place, or event. For example, salary or job title.
Which structure is the most widely used in databases?
Which structure is the most widely used in databases?
Relational databases allow data in one file to be related to data in another file through a common data element.
Relational databases allow data in one file to be related to data in another file through a common data element.
True
A database is an integrated collection of logically related _________.
A database is an integrated collection of logically related _________.
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Match the database structures with their descriptions:
Match the database structures with their descriptions:
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Define a system.
Define a system.
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What are the three basic functions of systems?
What are the three basic functions of systems?
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Feedback and control are unique characteristics of cybernetic systems.
Feedback and control are unique characteristics of cybernetic systems.
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Efficiency is defined as capable of producing desired results without wasting ____, ____, or ____.
Efficiency is defined as capable of producing desired results without wasting ____, ____, or ____.
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Match the following modeling types with their descriptions:
Match the following modeling types with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Data Resource Management
- Data resource management processes and technologies provide business value by supporting the operations and management of a business
Logical Data Elements
- A character is a single alphabetic, numeric, or other symbol
- A field or data item represents an attribute (characteristic or quality) of an entity (object, person, place, event)
- Example: salary, job title
- A record is a grouping of all the fields used to describe the attributes of an entity
- Example: payroll record with name, SSN, pay rate
- A file or table is a group of related records
- A database is an integrated collection of logically related data elements
Database Structures
- Hierarchical structure:
- Early DBMS structure
- Records arranged in a tree-like structure
- Relationships are one-to-many
- Network structure:
- Used in some mainframe DBMS packages
- Many-to-many relationships
- Relational structure:
- Most widely used structure
- Data elements are stored in tables
- Row represents a record; column is a field
- Can relate data in one file with data in another, if both files share a common data element
- Object-oriented structure:
- An object consists of data values and operations
- Encapsulation combines data and operations
- Inheritance allows new objects to be created by replicating some or all of the characteristics of parent objects
- Multidimensional structure:
- A multidimensional database is created from multiple relational databases
- Uses multidimensional structures to organize data
- Data elements are viewed as being in cubes
- Popular for analytical databases that support Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Relational Operations
- Select: creates a subset of records that meet a stated criterion
- Example: employees earning more than $30,000
- Join: combines two or more tables temporarily
- Looks like one big table
- Project: creates a subset of columns in a table
Foundations of Information Systems
- Understanding the concept of a system and its relation to information systems
- Importance of information systems knowledge for business professionals, including:
- Five areas of information systems knowledge they need
What is a System?
- A system is a set of interrelated components with a clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common set of objectives
- Three basic functions of a system:
- Input: capturing and assembling elements to be processed
- Processing: transforming input into output
- Output: transferring produced elements to their destination
- Cybernetic system: a self-monitoring, self-regulating system with feedback and control
System Variables and Parameters
- System variable: an item controlled by a decision-maker
- System parameter: a value that cannot be controlled
Modeling a System
- A model is an abstraction used to represent reality
- Three major types of models:
- Physical model: tangible
- Schematic model: graphic representation (graphs and charts)
- Mathematical model: arithmetic representation
Data vs. Information
- Data: raw facts about physical phenomena or business transactions
- Information: data that has been converted into a meaningful and useful context for end users
- Example: sales data vs. sales information
The Characteristics of Valuable Information
- Data vs. information
- Types of data
- Characteristics of valuable information
What is an Information System?
- An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated elements that collect, manipulate, store, disseminate, and provide feedback to meet an objective
- Components of an IS:
- People, hardware, software, communications networks, data resources, and policies and procedures
Information System (IS) vs. Information Technology (IT)
- IS: all components and resources necessary to deliver information and functions to an organization
- IT: hardware, software, networking, and data management
Components of an IS
- People Resources:
- End users
- IS specialists
- Hardware Resources:
- Physical devices used in information processing
- Software Resources:
- Information processing instructions
- Data Resources:
- Facts about business transactions
- Processed and organized information
- Network Resources:
- Communications media
- Network infrastructure
IS Activities
- Input of data resources
- Processing of data into information
- Output of information products
- Storage of data resources
- Control of system performance
Recognizing IS
- Identifying people, hardware, software, data, and network resources
- Identifying the type of information products produced
- Understanding how IS performs input, processing, output, storage, and control activities
Types of IS
- Operations Support Systems:
- Transaction Processing Systems
- Process Control Systems
- Enterprise Collaboration Systems
- Management Support Systems:
- Management Information Systems (MIS)
- Decision Support Systems (DSS)
- Executive Information Systems (EIS)
Challenges and Opportunities of IT
- Developing IS solutions
- Ethical challenges of IT applications
- IS knowledge framework for business professionals
- Fundamental roles of IS in business
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Description
This quiz covers the importance of data resource management in an organization, including the benefits of a database management approach and how it supports business operations.
