Data Fundamentals and Database Activities
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Questions and Answers

What defines a byte in data hierarchy?

  • A representation of data that is either on or off
  • A collection of related records
  • A name or number describing a data aspect
  • A unit made up of eight bits (correct)

    • Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of data?

  • Records, Files, Databases, Fields
  • Bits, Bytes, Fields, Records, Files, Databases (correct)
  • Bits, Characters, Fields, Records, Files, Databases
  • Bits, Fields, Records, Bytes, Files, Databases

    • What is a field defined as in the context of data?

  • A set of integrated files
  • A name, number, or combination of characters describing a business aspect (correct)
  • A group of similar data records
  • A collection of related data fields

    • Which component of data hierarchy is a collection of related data fields?

    <p>Record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for organizations to complete most business activities?

    <p>Data and the ability to process it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is data characterized before being transformed into useful information?

    <p>It should be organized in a meaningful way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as a collection of related records in data hierarchy?

    <p>File</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest unit of data in the hierarchy?

    <p>Bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of big data that refers to the speed at which data is received and processed?

    <p>Velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of data includes formats such as text, images, and videos in the context of big data?

    <p>Unstructured data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of healthcare, which of the following exemplifies the volume characteristic of big data?

    <p>Patient records and medical imaging data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major challenges associated with big data management?

    <p>Storing and processing data effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field uses big data to analyze huge amounts of user-generated content like posts, images, and videos?

    <p>Social Media Analytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an entity in the context of data management?

    <p>A person, place, or thing for which data is collected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a primary key?

    <p>A unique identifier for a record in a database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Create' operation in CRUD refer to?

    <p>Inserting new data into the database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consideration when building a database?

    <p>Which software to use for data entry?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation is used to remove data from a database in CRUD?

    <p>Delete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does data archiving involve?

    <p>Storing data for future reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element describes the structure of data organization in a database?

    <p>Physical organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of generating reports in a database management system?

    <p>To retrieve and summarize data for decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a database, what would be a data item?

    <p>The name of a student</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an attribute in data management?

    <p>A specific characteristic of an entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a data model primarily used for?

    <p>To diagram data entities and their relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagram is specifically used to represent data models visually?

    <p>Entity-relationship (ER) diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'one to many' signify in data modeling?

    <p>More than one customer can be linked to a single order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a relational model, what does each row in a table represent?

    <p>An entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does each column in a relational model table represent?

    <p>An attribute of the entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of an entity-relationship diagram?

    <p>It uses graphical symbols to show relationships between entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical feature of the relational model?

    <p>Structures data in collections of two-dimensional tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An entity in data modeling can be described best as:

    <p>A record in a two-dimensional table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is not represented in an entity-relationship diagram?

    <p>Data types of columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of an ER model?

    <p>To provide a high-level abstraction of database structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Structured Query Language (SQL) used for?

    <p>Accessing and manipulating data in a relational database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of data cleansing involve?

    <p>Detecting and correcting incomplete or incorrect records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does data validation differ from data cleansing?

    <p>Data validation is concerned with identifying 'bad data' during entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a drawback of performing data cleansing?

    <p>It may involve high costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language is commonly used for data validation on web forms?

    <p>JavaScript</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requirement is often necessary when linking multiple tables in a database?

    <p>Establishing relationships between tables for queries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does data validation identify?

    <p>Inaccurate or irrelevant data at the time of entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might data cleansing be necessary in database management?

    <p>To ensure data integrity and accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding SQL?

    <p>SQL is specifically tailored for accessing relational database data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of not performing data cleansing?

    <p>Diminished data quality and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Fundamentals

    • Data is essential for businesses to operate.
    • Data is raw facts.
    • Data needs to be organized to become useful information.

    Hierarchy of Data

    • A bit (binary digit) is a circuit that is either on or off.
    • A byte is composed of eight bits.
    • Each byte represents a character.
    • A field is a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity.
    • A record is a collection of related data fields.
    • A file is a collection of related records.
    • A database is a collection of integrated and related files.

    Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys

    • An entity is a person, place, or thing for which data is collected.
    • An attribute is a characteristic of an entity.
    • A data item is the specific value of an attribute.
    • A primary key is a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies a record.

    Database Activities

    • Create: Inserting new data.
    • Read: Retrieving data from the database.
    • Update: Modifying existing data.
    • Delete: Removing data.
    • Generating reports: Output used for decision making.

    Data Modeling

    • Considerations when building a database include:
      • Content: What data should be collected?
      • Access: What data should be provided to which users and when?
      • Logical structure: How should data be arranged so that it makes sense?
      • Physical organization: Where should data be physically located?
      • Archiving: How long to store?
    • A data model is a diagram of data entities and their relationships.
    • Entity-relationship (ER) diagrams use graphical symbols to represent data organization and relationships.
    • ER models show the structure of a database at a high level.

    Relational Model

    • A relational model uses two-dimensional tables called relations to organize data.
    • Each row represents an entity.
    • Each column represents an attribute.

    Structured Query Language (SQL)

    • SQL is a programming language for accessing and manipulating data in a relational database.

    Data Cleansing

    • The process of detecting and correcting or deleting incomplete, incorrect, or inaccurate records in a database.
    • Can be costly.
    • Different from data validation:
      • Data validation identifies “bad data” and rejects it at the time of data entry.

    Big Data

    • Big data is extremely large and complex data collections that cannot be handled by traditional data management systems.
    • Three characteristics of big data:
      • Volume: large amounts of data.
      • Velocity: data arrives quickly, requiring fast processing.
      • Variety: structured data like databases, and unstructured data like text, images, and videos.

    Big Data Uses

    • Social Media Analytics:
      • Volume: huge amounts of user-generated content.
      • Velocity: real-time updates and interactions.
      • Variety: text, mages, videos.
    • Healthcare:
      • Volume: patient records, medical imaging data.
      • Velocity: real-time monitoring of patient vitals.
      • Variety: structured data like patient information, and unstructured data like medical images and notes.
    • Transportation:
      • Volume: data from GPS devices, traffic cameras.
      • Velocity: real-time traffic updates.
      • Variety: location data, images, video feeds.

    Challenges of Big Data

    • Where and how to store and process the data.
    • How to find the subset of the data that are relevant to the decision making.
    • How to derive value from the relevant data.

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    Related Documents

    Principles Of Information Systems Lecture 5 - Database Systems(1) PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of data and its importance in the business world. This quiz covers the hierarchy of data, data entities, attributes, primary keys, and fundamental database activities like creating, reading, and updating data.

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