Data Encryption Standard (DES)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of the data encryption standard (DES)?

  • To transmit data without any security measures.
  • To transform data into an unreadable format. (correct)
  • To compress data for efficient storage.
  • To ensure data is easily accessible to anyone.

Which decade saw the development of the Data Encryption Standard (DES)?

  • 1980s
  • 1960s
  • 1970s (correct)
  • 1990s

What is the block size that DES operates on?

  • 64 bits (correct)
  • 256 bits
  • 128 bits
  • 32 bits

What key size does DES use for encryption?

<p>56 bits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many rounds of transformation are applied to each block of data in DES?

<p>16 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in DES before the rounds of transformations begin?

<p>Initial permutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of S-boxes in DES?

<p>To perform non-linear substitutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the two halves of the data block during each round of DES?

<p>They are swapped and transformed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is applied after the 16 rounds of transformations in DES?

<p>Inverse initial permutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main reasons DES is considered insecure for many modern applications?

<p>Its key size is too small. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a successor to DES, designed to address its key size limitations?

<p>AES (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of DES, what is a 'round key'?

<p>A key derived from the original key for each round. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operation is used in the function applied in each round of DES to combine the round key with the data?

<p>XOR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cipher is DES?

<p>Symmetric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the expansion permutation in DES?

<p>To increase the size of the data block to match the key. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Seizure

A sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain, often causing convulsions, loss of consciousness, or other neurological symptoms.

Epilepsy

A chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.

Generalized Seizure

A type of seizure involving both hemispheres of the brain, often leading to loss of consciousness.

Focal Seizure

A type of seizure that starts in one area of the brain and may or may not spread to other areas.

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Status Epilepticus

A seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or having multiple seizures within a 5-minute period, without returning to a normal level of consciousness between them.

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Myoclonic Seizures

Brief, sudden, shock-like muscle contractions.

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Absence Seizures

Seizures characterized by a brief loss of awareness, often with staring or subtle body movements.

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Atonic Seizures

Seizures involving a loss of muscle tone, leading to sudden falls or drops.

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Electroencephalography (EEG)

Technique to record brain electrical activity.

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Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)

Medications used to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.

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Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)

An implanted device that delivers electrical stimulation to the vagus nerve, potentially reducing seizures.

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Ketogenic Diet

Eating a diet high in fats, moderate in protein, and very low in carbohydrates; sometimes used to control seizures.

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Resective Epilepsy Surgery

A surgical procedure to remove or disconnect the seizure focus in the brain.

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SUDEP

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy; cause is unknown.

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Aura (Seizure Related)

A brief warning or sensation experienced before a seizure.

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