Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary components that make up a WAN?
What is one of the primary components that make up a WAN?
What is the main function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?
What is the main function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?
Which of these is NOT a step in the ARP process?
Which of these is NOT a step in the ARP process?
How far can a WAN span geographically?
How far can a WAN span geographically?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding ARP?
Which of the following statements is true regarding ARP?
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What is the primary purpose of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
What is the primary purpose of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
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Which device is known for increasing network traffic and causing collisions by broadcasting data to all ports?
Which device is known for increasing network traffic and causing collisions by broadcasting data to all ports?
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What is a key characteristic of repeaters in network communications?
What is a key characteristic of repeaters in network communications?
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Which type of NIC is integrated into the motherboard?
Which type of NIC is integrated into the motherboard?
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Which of the following devices does NOT determine the best path for data?
Which of the following devices does NOT determine the best path for data?
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What is a primary function of an internetworking device?
What is a primary function of an internetworking device?
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Which type of external NIC connects via USB?
Which type of external NIC connects via USB?
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What limits the functionality of a hub in a local area network?
What limits the functionality of a hub in a local area network?
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What is the primary function of a router in a network?
What is the primary function of a router in a network?
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Which routing protocol is associated with IP addresses and is commonly used in small networks?
Which routing protocol is associated with IP addresses and is commonly used in small networks?
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What unique feature distinguishes a gateway from a router?
What unique feature distinguishes a gateway from a router?
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Which of the following routing protocols is specifically designed for use with multiple network architectures, including IPX and AppleTalk?
Which of the following routing protocols is specifically designed for use with multiple network architectures, including IPX and AppleTalk?
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In order for routers to successfully route packets, what must each network possess?
In order for routers to successfully route packets, what must each network possess?
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What role do routing tables play in the operation of a router?
What role do routing tables play in the operation of a router?
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Which protocol is utilized by routers to communicate with each other and share routing information?
Which protocol is utilized by routers to communicate with each other and share routing information?
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What is a key characteristic of a gateway in relation to network access?
What is a key characteristic of a gateway in relation to network access?
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Study Notes
Data Communication Network
- The presentation is about data communication networks, covering various aspects from terminology to types, physical structures, and devices.
- Day 1 of a course on this topic.
Network Terminologies
- Networking: Connecting multiple devices (computers, printers) to share information.
- Data Communication: The process of sharing information.
- Network: A collection of interconnected devices/computers/IP addresses/hosts.
- Computer Network: A group of computers connected to share information.
- Node: Any device connected to the network - computer, printer, etc.
- Network Interface Card (NIC): The circuit board connecting computers to the network (e.g., Ethernet card).
Components of Data Communication
- Protocol: Set of rules for communication.
- Sender: Device initiating transmission.
- Message: Information being sent.
- Medium: Path for transmission (e.g., cable, airwaves).
- Receiver: Device receiving information.
Need of Network/Applications of Network
- Information Sharing: Sharing data between users.
- Enhance communication: Faster and more efficient communication.
- Share resources: Sharing printers, files, etc.
- Facilitate centralized management: Managing resources centrally.
- Remote computing: Accessing resources from a distance.
Network Criteria
- Performance: Measured by delay and throughput (speed).
- Reliability: Measured by frequency of failure and time to recover.
- Security: Protecting data from corruption and malicious users.
Network Types
- Wired: Uses cables to transfer data.
- Cable Types: Coaxial, Twisted Pair, Fiber Optics.
- Cat1 to Cat8: Different types of copper cable with different speeds.
- Cable Types: Coaxial, Twisted Pair, Fiber Optics.
- Wireless: Uses electromagnetic waves for data transfer.
- Medium: Air (EM Waves).
- Cable types: PAN, WLAN, WAN (GSM).
Media (Transmission Medium)
- Guided: Data transmitted through physical cables (e.g., copper wires, fiber optics).
- Unguided: Data transmitted through free space (e.g., radio waves, microwaves).
Transmission Modes / Data Flow Direction
- Simplex: One-way communication (Keyboard).
- Half-Duplex: Two-way communication but not simultaneous (Walkie-talkie).
- Full-Duplex: Two-way communication simultaneously (Telephone).
Twisted Pair
- Most common in wired networks, wires are twisted for better signal transmission.
- Shielded (STP): Wires shielded against noise.
- Unshielded (UTP): Wires bundled together in a protective sheath.
Coaxial Cable
- Used for cable TV and LANs, better shielding than twisted pair, carries signals further and faster.
- Can be used for both analog and digital signals.
Optical Fiber
- Thin glass or plastic threads carrying light signals for data transmission.
- Immune to electromagnetic interference - suitable for noisy, industrial environments.
- Three Layers: Core, Cladding, Protective Buffer.
Switching
- Technique for choosing the best route for data transmission in large networks.
- Methods of Switching: Circuit, Message, Packet.
Circuit Switching
- Establishes a dedicated path between sender and receiver until the connection is terminated.
- Operates similarly to a telephone connection.
Message Switching
- No dedicated path, message routed through intermediate nodes.
- Information about the destination is part of the message's header.
- Uses store-and-forward methodology.
Packet Switching
- Messages broken into smaller packets, each transmitted individually with sequence numbers and addresses for correct assembly.
- Each packet can find the shortest path.
- Ensures packets are reassembled without error at destination.
Multiplexing
- Combining multiple signals into a single channel (e.g., combining several phone calls into a single cable).
- Methods: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM).
- FDM: Different frequencies used to transport different data.
- TDM: Same channel split into time slots for different signals.
Network Classification
-
Geographic: LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network).
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Component Roles: Peer-to-peer, server-based (client-based).
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LAN: Small geographical area (building, campus), Wired or Wireless, twisted pair, coaxial, or fiber optics.
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MAN: Larger than a LAN (city), high-speed connections (e.g., fiber optic).
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WAN: Largest (country, world), long-distance, includes Internet.
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
- Protocol for translating IP addresses to MAC addresses (hardware addresses) and vice-versa.
- Essential for communication between different network segments.
- Protocol that asks the destination for its address.
- Broadcast: Sending an address request to every device on a local segment.
Network Classification by Component Roles
- Possible configurations for networks: Peer-to-peer, Client Based, Server-Based.
Network Physical Structure
- Types of Connection: Point-to-point (one-to-one) / Multipoint (one-to-many).
- Physical Topology: Geometric representation of network nodes and connections; including Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring.
Network Devices / Internetworking Devices
- Hubs, Repeaters, Bridges, Switches, Routers, Gateways
Network Interface Card (NIC)
- Hardware for connecting a device to a network.
- Every NIC has a unique MAC address.
- Converts between digital and electrical signals.
Ethernet Frame Format
- Preamble, SFD, Destination MAC, Source MAC, Type, Data, FCS.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of data communication networks, including key terminologies, components, and the importance of networking. It is part of a comprehensive course on data communication. Test your understanding of the various aspects discussed in Day 1.
