Data Communication and Networks Overview

Questions and Answers

What is a network?

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked to share resources, exchange files, or allow electronic communications.

What is data communication?

Data communication is the process of transferring data from one place to another between two locations.

Which type of data transmission allows data to transmit both ways but not simultaneously?

Simplex

Half-duplex (correct)

Full-duplex

Which of the following are examples of full-duplex data transmission? (Select all that apply)

Video calls Signup and view all the answers

For data communication to occur, there must be a sender, a receiver, and a _____

communication medium Signup and view all the answers

What does a Wide Area Network (WAN) cover?

Multiple cities and countries Signup and view all the answers

A Local Area Network (LAN) can only be managed by multiple organizations.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between peer-to-peer architecture and client/server architecture?

In peer-to-peer architecture, each host acts as both a client and a server, whereas, in client/server architecture, each host is specifically either a client or a server. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

To provide secure communications over the internet Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of networks with their descriptions:

LAN = Network within a single organization or building WAN = Network that spans multiple cities and countries MAN = Network covering a larger geographical area than LAN but smaller than WAN Campus Area Network = Interconnection of multiple LANs across contiguous buildings Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Data Communication and Networks Overview

A network comprises two or more interconnected computers enabling resource sharing, file exchange, and communication.
Connections can be established using various mediums: cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, and infrared signals.

Data Communication

Defined as the transfer of data between locations, permitting electronic and digital data exchange regardless of geographic separation or data formats.

Data Transmission Types

Simplex: One-way data transmission (e.g., keyboard, radio broadcasts).
Half-duplex: Two-way data transmission, but not simultaneously (e.g., walkie-talkies, USB).
Full-duplex: Simultaneous two-way data transmission (e.g., video calls, live chats).

Data Communication System Components

Essential components: sender, receiver, communication channel, and protocols.

Requirements for Successful Communication

At least two parties must be involved (sender and receiver).
A communication medium must be present.
Compatible standards and protocols are necessary for effective communication.

Characteristics of Data Communication Systems

Delivery: Data must reach the correct destination.
Accuracy: Data integrity is crucial; errors during transmission render information unusable.
Timeliness: Data must be delivered promptly to be effective.

Data Transmission Process

Data is encoded into signals, transmitted via selected media, then extracted and reproduced at the receiving end.

Modern Data Communication Technologies

Fiber optic technology is ideal for long-distance communication.
Wireless communication suits short to medium distances, especially where cabling is impractical.
Mobile radio networks serve as alternatives for remote communication.

Network Components

Key components include workstations, servers, clients, and switches, which facilitate resource sharing.

Types of Networks

LAN (Local Area Network): A network limited to a single building or small geographic area.
WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects multiple LANs across larger geographic areas; the Internet is the largest example.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Contains networks across multiple contiguous buildings within a city.

Intranet vs. Internet

Intranet: A private network for an organization using Internet technology for internal sharing.
Internet: A public network providing global access to resources and services.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Offers secure Internet transport, employing encryption and encapsulation to protect data integrity and security.

Network Architectures

Two main architectures:
- Peer-to-Peer: Every host acts as both client and server without central authority.
- Client/Server: Hosts are distinctly classified as clients or servers, allowing centralized administration and improved security.

Network Topologies

Bus: All hosts connected via a single cable; easy installation but centralized failure risk.
Ring: Hosts connected in a loop allowing data token circulation for access; higher traffic capability but vulnerable to complete failure from a single point.
Star: Central point connection; simple troubleshooting but risk of central failure.
Extended Star: A star network enhanced with additional devices.
Mesh: Multiple redundant connections for reliability; complex and costly to implement.