Data Communication and Networking Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does an Internet Service Provider (ISP) primarily do?

  • Manufactures telecommunications equipment
  • Provides internet access to customers (correct)
  • Establishes internet laws and regulations
  • Designs software applications

A Central Office (CO) is where customers connect their devices directly to the Internet.

False (B)

What is the role of a Network Service Provider (NSP)?

To provide backbone services to an Internet Service Provider (ISP).

A _____ is a site that allows connections from users and authenticates these connections for an ISP.

<p>Point of Presence (POP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following internet terminology with their descriptions:

<p>Central Office (CO) = Terminates customer lines and locates switching equipment Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) = Equipment located at the customer's end of the line Network Access Point (NAP) = An interconnection point for major ISPs Point of Presence (POP) = Site for user connection and authentication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common example of circuit switching?

<p>Telephone network (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frame relay was developed to reduce the overhead associated with circuit switching.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the small chunks of data called in packet switching?

<p>packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

In circuit switching, a dedicated communication path is established between two ______.

<p>stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is characterized by which type of data transmission?

<p>Fixed-length packets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Packet switching requires a dedicated transmission capacity along a path.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology was developed to reduce the overhead in packet switching for high-speed communication?

<p>Frame relay</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each WAN technology to its description:

<p>Circuit switching = Establishes a dedicated path between two stations Packet switching = Transmits data in small chunks called packets Frame relay = Reduces overhead for high-speed transmission ATM = Uses fixed-length packets for transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connection allows multiple devices to share a single link?

<p>Multipoint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A star topology links every device directly to each other.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of the communication model is responsible for generating data?

<p>Source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of a mesh topology?

<p>Every device is connected to every other device with dedicated links.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Error detection and correction is only necessary in scenarios where errors are expected.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single _____ cable.

<p>backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the receiver in the communication model?

<p>The receiver converts the received signal into data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connection requires a device to send data to a central controller first?

<p>Star (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ________ ensures that the data transmission does not overwhelm the receiving system.

<p>flow control</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a multipoint environment, it is impossible for devices to use the link simultaneously.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the communication tasks with their descriptions:

<p>Transmission system utilization = Efficient use of shared transmission facilities Synchronization = Coordination of signal timing between transmitter and receiver Addressing and routing = Identifying destination and choosing a network path Message formatting = Agreement on data transmission format</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the topology types with their descriptions:

<p>Mesh = Dedicated links between every device Star = Links to a central hub Bus = Single backbone cable connecting devices Ring = Each device connected in a loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a key task in a data communication system?

<p>Creating new data sources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tap is a connector that _____ into the main cable or punctures the sheathing.

<p>splices</p> Signup and view all the answers

Recovery in a communication system allows an interrupted transaction to resume from the point of interruption.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of data communication?

<p>The exchange of data between two parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the transmitter in the communication model?

<p>To convert input data into a suitable signal for transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The use of fiber optic channels has decreased due to technological limitations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is multiplexing in the context of communication?

<p>The ability of multiple devices to share a transmission facility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ affects performance and reliability in the transmission of information.

<p>encoding technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transmission types with their characteristics:

<p>Fiber Optic = High capacity and low cost Wireless = Trend toward universal personal telecommunication Multiplexing = Shared transmission facility Compression = Reduced data size for transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge that remains in communication budgets despite improved transmission technology?

<p>Cost of transmission services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The received signal r(t) is always identical to the transmitted signal s(t).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does compression do in the context of data transmission?

<p>Squeezes the data size to use lower-capacity transmission facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of topology has a dedicated point-to-point connection between each device and only the two devices on either side?

<p>Ring Topology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Local Area Network (LAN) covers a large geographical area and connects multiple cities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a repeater in a ring topology?

<p>To regenerate the bits of a signal and pass them along to the next device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ Area Network typically connects multiple LANs within a city.

<p>Metropolitan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the network types with their correct descriptions:

<p>LAN = Small local area network MAN = Network within a city WAN = Covers large geographical areas Hybrid = Combination of multiple topologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is NOT commonly used in Wide Area Networks (WAN)?

<p>Ethernet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hybrid topology can combine two different network topologies into one network.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of LANs compared to other networks?

<p>Higher internal data rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Circuit Switching

A dedicated communication path is established between two stations through nodes in a network. It reserves a path in advance.

Packet Switching

Data is sent in small chunks (packets) through the network. Each packet takes a different path to the destination.

Frame Relay

A packet-switching method that reduces overhead for error control in high-speed networks with low error rates.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

A method that combines circuit and packet switching. Uses fixed-length packets (cells) for reduced processing overhead.

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WAN Technologies

Different network technologies used to build Wide Area Networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, frame relay, and ATM.

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Packet

A small chunk of data transmitted through a packet-switching network.

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Cell

A fixed-length packet used in ATM.

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Dedicated Communication Path

A reserved and exclusive channel for communication between two stations in a network.

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Central Office (CO)

Location where phone companies connect customer lines and switch them to other networks.

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Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

Equipment at the customer's end of a phone line, often owned by the phone company.

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Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Company that gives people access to the internet.

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Network Access Point (NAP)

Facility for moving data between connected networks.

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Point of Presence (POP)

Location with telecommunication equipment, edge of an ISP's network.

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Data communication

The process of exchanging data between two or more parties using electronic signals.

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Communication Model

A simplified representation of how data is exchanged, consisting of a source, transmitter, transmission system, receiver, and destination.

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Transmission System Utilization

Efficiently using shared transmission facilities among multiple devices.

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Device Interface

The connection point between a communication device and the transmission system.

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Signal Generation

Creating signals that carry data through the communication system.

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Synchronization

Ensuring the transmitter and receiver are aligned in time to interpret signals accurately.

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Error Detection & Correction

Mechanisms to identify and fix errors introduced during data transmission.

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Flow Control

Regulating the data flow between the source and destination to prevent overload.

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Network Connection

Two or more devices linked together using communication pathways to transfer data.

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Point-to-Point Connection

A dedicated link between two devices, with the entire link capacity reserved for their communication.

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Multipoint Connection

More than two devices sharing a single link, where the link's capacity is shared spatially or temporally.

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Physical Topology

The physical arrangement of links and devices in a network, showing how they connect.

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Mesh Topology

Every device has a dedicated link to every other device, creating a fully connected network.

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Star Topology

Devices connect to a central hub, communicating through it to reach each other.

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Bus Topology

Devices connect to a single backbone cable, sharing the link's capacity.

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Ring Topology

Devices connect in a closed loop, with data flowing in one direction.

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Transmission Medium

The physical path used to carry information signals. This includes cables, wires, fiber optic cables, and wireless signals.

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Multiplexing

The ability of multiple devices to share a single transmission facility. This allows efficient use of the channel capacity.

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Compression

Reducing the size of data without losing essential information. This helps send data faster and with less cost.

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Encoding

Converting data into an electromagnetic signal for transmission. This signal is then sent through the transmission medium.

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Signal Impairment

Changes that occur to the signal during transmission due to noise, interference, or distortion. These can affect the quality of the received signal.

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Receiver Decoding

The process of converting the received signal back into its original data format. This reconstructs the message sent by the source.

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Bits 'g' and 'g'

'g' represents the original bits of the message sent, and 'g'' represents the received bits, which may have been slightly altered during transmission.

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Transmission Efficiency

Using transmission facilities efficiently to reduce costs and increase data throughput. Techniques like multiplexing and compression help achieve this.

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Hybrid Topology

A network that combines different types of topologies, like a star topology as a backbone with bus topologies for individual branches.

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LAN (Local Area Network)

A network that interconnects devices within a small geographical area, typically a building or cluster of buildings.

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WAN (Wide Area Network)

A network that spans a large geographical area, connecting devices across cities, countries, or continents.

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MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

A network that covers a city or metropolitan area, connecting LANs within that region.

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Data Rates

The speed at which data is transmitted through a network, measured in bits per second.

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Study Notes

Data Communication, Data Networking, and the Internet

  • A communication system exchanges data between two parties.
  • Key elements include: Source (generates data), Transmitter (converts data to signals), Transmission System (carries data), Receiver (converts signals to data), and Destination (receives data).
  • Communication involves complex tasks: Interfacing, Signal generation, Synchronization, Exchange management, Error detection and correction, Flow control, Addressing, Routing, Recovery, Message formatting, Security, and Network management.
  • Transmission system utilization needs efficient use of shared transmission facilities.
  • Devices must interface with the transmission system for communication.
  • Synchronization between transmitter and receiver determines the start and end of signals.
  • There is a requirement for exchange management between communicating parties.
  • Error detection and correction is required where errors are not tolerated.
  • Flow control ensures the source doesn't overwhelm the destination by sending data too quickly.
  • Addressing and routing enable a source system to specify the destination and route.
  • Recovery allows interrupted transactions to resume.
  • Message formatting defines agreed-upon data exchange formats.
  • Security measures are frequently necessary in communication systems.
  • Network management is crucial to system configuration, monitoring, and reacting to problems.

Communication Tasks

  • Transmission system utilization focuses on efficient use of shared facilities.
  • Proper device interfacing is necessary.
  • Signal generation is required for communication.
  • Synchronization between transmitter and receiver is vital for communication.
  • Exchange management addresses different communication requirements.
  • Error detection and correction handles inevitable errors.
  • Flow control prevents overwhelming the destination.
  • Addressing and routing determine destination and route.
  • Recovery enables interrupted activities to resume.
  • Message formatting agrees upon data exchange formats.
  • Security ensures data integrity.
  • Network management ensures efficient system operation.

The Transmission of Information

  • The transmission line is the fundamental element of any communication facility.
  • Communication media choice depends on usage (business premises versus long-distance communication).
  • Technology advancements are rapidly changing communication media.
  • Fiber optic channels offer substantial capacity.
  • Switching is currently a bottleneck in some communication systems.

Network Topologies

  • Point-to-point links connect two devices exclusively.
  • A multipoint (multidrop) connection allows multiple devices to share a single link.
  • Physical topology describes the geometric arrangement of a network.
  • Mesh topology: Every device has a point-to-point link to every other device.
  • Star topology: Devices are linked to a central controller (hub).
  • Bus topology: A single cable connects all devices.
  • Ring topology: Devices are connected in a ring with signals passed sequentially.
  • Hybrid topologies combine different topologies.

Networks

  • Computers are interconnected worldwide as networks.
  • Networks handle voice, data, images, and video simultaneously.
  • Networks are categorized as Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN).
  • LANs are small, typically within a building or cluster of buildings, owned and managed by a single entity, and have high data rates.
  • MANs are networks of interconnected LANs within a city. The aim is to share resources.
  • WANs cover large geographical areas, connecting multiple LANs and possibly multiple MANs.

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

  • WANs cover extensive geographical areas.
  • WANs utilize common carrier circuits.
  • WANs are composed of interconnected nodes called switching nodes.
  • WANs employ different technologies including Circuit switching and Packet switching.
  • Circuit switching establishes a dedicated path between two stations for data transmission.
  • Packet switching is a method of data transfer where data is broken down into packets that travel through the network independently.

The Internet

  • The Internet is formed by interconnected networks.
  • The Internet's purpose is to connect end systems (hosts) like PCs, workstations, and servers.
  • Hosts are connected to networks (like LANs or WANs), which are then connected through routers.
  • The Internet operates by sending data in the form of packets (IP datagrams/IP packets).
  • Each packet has a unique numeric address (IP address) for the destination host.
  • Routers evaluate and forward packets based on their destination addresses.
  • The Internet utilises the TCP/IP protocol suite.

Internet Architecture

  • The Internet is composed from thousands of overlapping networks.
  • Hosts are sometimes grouped in LANs.
  • Hosts and LANs connects to internet service providers (ISPs).
  • ISPs can regional or backbone and use peer links.
  • Internet terminology includes concepts like Central Office (CO), Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), Internet Service Provider (ISP), and Network Access Point (NAP).
  • Network service providers (NSPs) provide backbone services to ISPs.
  • Internet exchange (IX) points connect local ISPs.
  • Point of Presence (POP) is a site with telecommunication equipment, where user connections are managed.

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Data Communication, Data Networking and the Internet PDF

Description

This quiz explores the essential components of data communication and networking. It covers the roles of the source, transmitter, receiver, and other crucial elements involved in data exchange. Test your knowledge on synchronization, error correction, and network management fundamentals.

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