Data Collection Methods in Simulation
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Questions and Answers

Why is a well-designed sample survey more advantageous than a census when the population is large?

  • It is less expensive and time-consuming.
  • It provides a more precise estimate of population parameters.
  • It is easier to implement.
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is a crucial factor in ensuring the generalizability of study findings to a larger population?

  • The use of advanced statistical software.
  • Careful implementation of the study design.
  • A large sample size.
  • Random selection of participants. (correct)

    • What is the primary advantage of experiments over observational studies in investigating causal relationships?

  • They are more cost-effective.
  • They allow for random assignment of subjects to treatment groups. (correct)
  • They are faster to conduct.
  • They are more widely accepted.

    • What is the purpose of conducting a sample survey?

    <p>To estimate the value of a population attribute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a sample statistic and a population parameter?

    <p>A sample statistic is an estimate of a population parameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study is more suitable for investigating causal relationships?

    <p>Experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of observational studies in terms of generalizability?

    <p>They lack random selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a sample survey, what is the goal of selecting observations from a population?

    <p>To estimate the value of a population attribute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why a census is not practical in most studies?

    <p>The cost and/or time required is too high.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an experiment in data collection?

    <p>To understand cause-and-effect relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of data collection involves obtaining data from a subset of a population?

    <p>Sample survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a census and a sample survey?

    <p>The data is collected from every member of the population versus a subset of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of determining the sample size in data collection?

    <p>To ensure that the sample is representative of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of data collection is used to estimate population attributes?

    <p>Sample survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using experiments in data collection?

    <p>It provides a controlled environment to study cause-and-effect relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of knowing how the data were collected in data analysis?

    <p>To know the method(s) of data collection, and the necessary screening on the data that has taken place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between cluster sampling and stratified sampling?

    <p>Cluster sampling includes elements only from sampled clusters, while stratified sampling includes elements from each stratum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of systematic random sampling?

    <p>The sample is selected from a list of every member of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an experiment in data collection?

    <p>To test whether a causal relationship exists between variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>A variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of multistage sampling?

    <p>It allows for the use of different sampling methods at different stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between probability sampling and non-probability sampling?

    <p>Probability sampling involves selecting a sample using a random method, while non-probability sampling involves selecting a sample based on the researcher's expertise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of stratified sampling?

    <p>To select a sample that represents the population in terms of key characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment in an experiment?

    <p>A combination of factor levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Collection

    • The purpose of simulation models is to collect data, analyze it, and gain insights into the system being simulated.

    Methods of Data Collection

    • There are four main methods of data collection: • Census: A study that obtains data from every member of a population. • Sample survey: A study that obtains data from a subset of a population to estimate population attributes. • Experiment: A controlled study that attempts to understand cause-and-effect relationships. • Observational study: A study that attempts to understand cause-and-effect relationships without controlling the assignment of subjects to groups.

    Pros and Cons of Data Collection Methods

    • Resource advantage: Sample surveys have a big resource advantage over censuses when the population is large.
    • Generalizability: Generalizability refers to the appropriateness of applying findings from a study to a larger population, which requires random selection.
    • Causal inference: Experiments are the best method for investigating causal relationships due to random assignment of subjects to groups.

    Sampling Survey Methods

    • Sampling method: The way observations are selected from a population to be in the sample for a sample survey.
    • Population parameter: The true value of a population attribute.
    • Sample statistic: An estimate, based on sample data, of a population parameter.

    Types of Sampling

    • Cluster sampling: A sample includes elements only from sampled clusters.
    • Stratified sampling: A sample includes elements from each stratum.
    • Multistage sampling: A combination of different sampling methods, such as cluster sampling and simple random sampling.

    Systematic Random Sampling

    • A list of every member of the population is created, and then the first sample element is randomly selected from the first k elements on the population list.
    • Every kth element on the list is then selected.

    Experiments Method in Data Collection

    • A researcher manipulates one or more variables, while holding all other variables constant, to test for a causal relationship.

    Parts of an Experiment

    • Independent variable (factor): An explanatory variable manipulated by the experimenter, with two or more levels (values).
    • Dependent variable (response variable): A variable affected by the independent variable.
    • Experimental units: The subjects or items being studied.

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    Data Collection PDF

    Description

    Learn about the four main methods of data collection in simulation models, including census, sample survey, and experiment.

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