Data and System Integrity

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Questions and Answers

What type of attack on system integrity involves modifying system functions to operate in an unintended manner?

Corruption

What is the term for an attack that interferes with or overloads communication functions, affecting system availability?

Obstruction

What type of threat to system integrity involves unauthorized use of OS and hardware resources, such as in a DoS attack?

Misappropriation

What type of threat to data affects its confidentiality, making unauthorized access possible?

Accessing and analyzing unauthorized data Signup and view all the answers

What type of attack on system availability involves damaging or stealing hardware components?

Threats on hardware Signup and view all the answers

What type of attack involves an attacker gaining unauthorized access to the system, potentially disabling security functions?

Usurpation Signup and view all the answers

What is a major threat to data confidentiality when encryption is used?

Traffic analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a denial of service attack?

Prevent or disallow the legitimate use of facilities Signup and view all the answers

What type of attack involves altering some portion of legitimate data to produce an unauthorized effect?

Data modification Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between active and passive attacks?

Active attacks alter system resources or affect their operations, while passive attacks do not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of FIPS PUB 200 (NIST) in relation to security?

To protect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems and information Signup and view all the answers

What type of attack involves capturing and retransmitting data units to produce an unauthorized effect?

Replay Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of ensuring data integrity?

To guard against improper information modification or destruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a loss of availability?

Disruption to authorized users in accessing or using information Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of authenticity in cybersecurity?

To verify that users are who they claim to be and the system receives data from a trusted source Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of accountability in cybersecurity?

To trace back the actions performed by an entity to that entity Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of a loss of system integrity?

Unimpaired functioning of the system is compromised, and the system may be vulnerable to unauthorized manipulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of ensuring information nonrepudiation?

To ensure that a sender of a message cannot deny having sent the message Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Attacks

Destruction or damage of system resources (e.g., hardware) and their services to compromise system availability
Corruption of system integrity, causing system resources or services to operate in an unintended manner
Obstruction of system availability by interfering, altering, or overloading communication functions

Threats to System Integrity

Usurpation: unauthorized modification of system functions to compromise system integrity
Misappropriation: unauthorized use of OS and hardware resources (e.g., DoS attack that steals system services)
Misuse: disabling security functions, achieved through malicious logic or unauthorized access to the system

Categories of Assets and Attacks

Threats to hardware: attacks on system availability (e.g., damaging or stealing hardware)
Threats to software: attacks on system availability and integrity/authenticity (e.g., deleting, damaging, or modifying software)
Threats to data: attacks on availability, integrity, and confidentiality (e.g., destroying, accessing, analyzing, or modifying data)
Threats to communication lines and networks: passive or active attacks (e.g., eavesdropping, modifying, or replaying data)

Passive Attacks

Release of message contents (confidentiality)
Traffic analysis (if data is encrypted)

Active Attacks

Replay: capturing and retransmitting data units to produce unauthorized effects
Masquerade: one entity pretending to be another entity (often includes other forms of attack, e.g., replay)
Data modification: altering, delaying, or reordering legitimate data to produce unauthorized effects
Denial of Service: preventing or disallowing legitimate use of facilities

Security Functional Requirements

FIPS PUB 200 (NIST) lists 17 security-related areas to protect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems and information

Security Objectives

Confidentiality: protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access
Integrity: ensuring information and systems are modified only in authorized ways
Availability: ensuring timely and reliable access to information and systems
Authenticity: verifying the identity of users and data sources
Accountability: tracing back actions to the responsible entity to support nonrepudiation, deterrence, and more

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Description

This quiz covers the concepts of data integrity and system integrity, including the importance of protecting against unauthorized modification and ensuring authenticity.