Questions and Answers
Analog data can take on discrete values.
False
Digital signals can have an infinite number of values in a range.
False
Discrete data has clear spaces between its possible values.
True
Periodic analog signals can be either simple or complex.
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Continuous data represents quantities that can change over time.
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The peak voltage in U.S. homes is typically 170 V.
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The frequency of household power in the U.S. is 50 Hz.
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A sine wave can be used to represent the voltage of a battery.
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The peak value of a signal is equal to 1.5 times the rms value.
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The period of a signal is the inverse of its frequency.
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Study Notes
Data and Signals
- Data must be converted into electromagnetic signals for transmission.
Analog and Digital Data
- Analog data is continuous, taking on an infinite range of values.
- Digital data is discrete, taking on specific, separate values.
- Discrete data features clear separations between values, while continuous data forms a constant sequence.
- Discrete data can be counted with finite values; continuous data can be measured and has infinite possible values.
Analog and Digital Signals
- Analog signals can vary infinitely within a range; digital signals have a limited number of values.
- In data communications, periodic analog signals and nonperiodic digital signals are commonly used.
Periodic Analog Signals
- Periodic analog signals are either simple or composite.
- A simple periodic analog signal, like a sine wave, cannot break down into simpler signals.
- Composite signals consist of multiple sine waves.
Sine Wave Characteristics
- Household power can be represented by a sine wave with peak amplitudes between 155 to 170 V, while common U.S. voltage varies from 110 to 120 V.
- The discrepancy is due to the use of root mean square (rms) values, where the peak value is 2.5 times the rms value.
Battery Voltage
- A standard AA battery has a voltage of approximately 1.5 V, resembling a constant sine wave.
Time and Frequency Domain
- Frequency and period are inversely related; as one increases, the other decreases.
- The frequency of standard home power in the U.S. is 60 Hz.
Additional Calculations
- The period of 100 ms can be converted into microseconds for analysis.
- The frequency can be derived from the period of a signal; for example, a 100 ms period equates to a frequency when converted to seconds and calculated appropriately.
- Frequency indicates the rate of change with respect to time.
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Description
Explore the concepts of data and signals in Chapter 3. Learn about the distinctions between analog and digital data, and understand how they are transformed into electromagnetic signals. This chapter covers periodic and non-periodic signals, providing a comprehensive overview of the topic.
