Data and Information Concepts

Which of the following statements best defines data?

Which option best defines information?

In the data hierarchy, is a record a collection of related data fields?

What is the smallest unit of data in the data hierarchy?

A byte consists of _______ bits.

Which level in the data hierarchy represents one aspect of a business object (for example, student number or student name)?

Which level of the data hierarchy is a collection of related records?

Is a database an organized collection of logically related data?

What term describes data that describes data, including descriptions such as data types, field sizes, and allowable values?

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of traditional file processing systems?

Do traditional file processing systems typically lead to excessive program maintenance?

Which of the following is a key advantage of the database approach?

What advantage of the database approach is achieved because metadata is stored in a repository allowing applications to remain independent of data formats?

Can the database approach lead to improved data quality because constraints and data validation rules are enforced?

Which advantage of the database approach allows different users to see different views of the same data?

Name one risk or cost associated with the database approach related to personnel.

What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?

In a DBMS, metadata is stored in a ___________, which supports program-data independence.

Does a DBMS manage data resources in a way similar to how an operating system manages hardware resources?

What is the primary function of a DBMS?

Which system stores data in separate files—often resulting in data redundancy and data isolation?

Does data redundancy mean that there are duplicate copies of the same data in different systems or programs?

What term is used to describe the unplanned duplication of data often found in traditional file processing systems?

When each department maintains its own files in a file processing system, does it generally lead to limited data sharing across the organization?

Name one advantage of the database approach that contributes directly to improved decision support.

Which advantage of the database approach allows developers to focus on specific functions rather than on low-level data handling?

Does the database approach enforce standards by ensuring that all data access is done in the same way?

Which of the following is considered an ongoing cost associated with the database approach?

What type of database application is typically designed for use on a standalone desktop computer by a single user?

What type of database application is typically used on a local area network (LAN) for fewer than 25 users?

Which of the following best describes a database application used by hundreds or thousands of users across a wide-area network?

Which database system model was common during the 1960s?

What database model organizes data in a tree-like structure and is typically confined to one-to-many relationships?

Unlike the hierarchical model, does the network database model permit many-to-many relationships?

What is the name of the database model that organizes data in tables (or entities) and uses common fields to establish relationships between them?

Which database system model represents information by encapsulating both data and behavior?

Which database model is considered a middle ground between relational and object-oriented databases?

Which database system model was introduced in the early 2000s to address the challenges of Big Data?

Is a data warehouse a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, and non-volatile collection of data used in support of management decision making?

Which two characteristics of a data warehouse ensure that historical data is maintained without alteration? T_ e-v _ _ _ _ t and non-v_ _ _ _ _ _ _.

In the context of data warehouses, “integrated” means:

What term describes a database that is accessed remotely via a web-based interface?

The evolution of database systems began with relational databases in the 1960s.

Flat file databases consist of a single table. Based on this, can they be considered relational databases?

In the context of relational databases, what is another term used for a record?

Which aspect of metadata specifies the allowable values for data fields?

Program-data dependence in traditional file processing systems means that each program must maintain its own metadata for the files it uses.

Which of the following best describes the concept of "centralized shared data" in a database environment?

What key system in the database environment not only stores data but also manages access, modifications, and security?

In the context of the student list example provided in the lesson, what does summarized data represent?

The student population graph in the lesson represents the number of students over a series of years, showing trends in enrollment.

Which of the following are components of the database environment as described in the lesson?

Name one benefit of planned data redundancy in a database approach.

The database approach eliminates all upfront and ongoing costs associated with data management.

Which database model would be most suitable for a system that primarily needs to store and retrieve data without complex relationships?

In the evolution of database systems, both object-oriented and object-relational databases emerged in the 1990s.

What is the primary role of constraints and data validation rules in a database?

Which of the following best describes Program-Data Independence?

In the context of database applications, what distinguishes an enterprise database from a departmental database?