Data Analysis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the two broad purposes of statistical procedures?

  • To analyze data and understand the meaning of results (correct)
  • To collect data and report findings
  • To measure variables and describe results
  • To decide on research design and make predictions

When should decisions about which statistical procedures to use be made?

  • After data collection
  • Before data collection (correct)
  • During research publication
  • During data analysis

Why is variability among participants important in statistical procedures?

  • It is not important in statistical procedures
  • It ensures that all participants will respond in exactly the same manner
  • It allows for more accurate predictions to be made
  • Statistical procedures depend on variability among participants (correct)

What is the purpose of inferential statistics?

<p>To test hypotheses and draw conclusions about populations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a frequency distribution?

<p>To organize data and answer questions at a glance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is generated by the variable 'income'?

<p>Score data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate way to analyze nominal data?

<p>Frequency distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between nominal and ratio scale variables?

<p>Nominal variables do not have a true zero point while ratio scale variables do (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cross-tabulation?

<p>To categorize participants based on multiple variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of converting frequencies to percentages?

<p>To make the data easier to understand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a grouped frequency distribution for a continuous variable like income?

<p>To group scores into intervals and reduce the table size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using graphs in statistical analysis?

<p>To present the data visually and clarify the data set (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the median in a group of 7 scores?

<p>The fourth score (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly used measure of central tendency?

<p>Mean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the median not appropriate for nominal data?

<p>Nominal data cannot be ordered (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the mean computed?

<p>By summing the scores and dividing by the number of scores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inferential statistics?

<p>To answer questions about whether differences between groups are due to chance or a real effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics?

<p>Descriptive statistics describe data, while inferential statistics test hypotheses and make inferences about a population based on a sample. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the median and the mode?

<p>The median is the middle value in a data set, while the mode is the value that occurs most frequently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of organizing data into frequency distributions?

<p>To summarize data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inferential statistics?

<p>To interpret what the data mean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point made about individual differences in the study on memory training?

<p>Individual differences in memory skills exist regardless of training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of descriptive statistics?

<p>To summarize and simplify large sets of measurements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do statistics help researchers decide in the memory study?

<p>Whether group differences on dependent measures are due to research manipulations or existing individual differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of the memory study in determining the effect of memory training?

<p>Most variables manipulated in psychology make only small differences in how people perform compared with the individual differences that already exist among people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using the mode as a measure of central tendency?

<p>It is the easiest to compute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a bimodal and trimodal distribution?

<p>The number of modes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of descriptive statistics?

<p>To describe data with just one or two numbers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between frequency and grouped frequency distributions?

<p>The way the scores are presented (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic shapes of distributions found in psychology?

<p>Symmetric, skewed positively, and skewed negatively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the age range of attendees at county fairs and pop concerts?

<p>County fairs have a wider age range of attendees than pop concerts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of variability in the context of the text?

<p>Participants differ from one another on many variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Table 9 in the text?

<p>To provide measures of variability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the horizontal spread of a distribution?

<p>Variability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of distribution has a tail pointing towards the high or positive end of the scale?

<p>Positively skewed distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of distribution might we see on an easy classroom test, on which almost everyone does well and only a few people do poorly?

<p>Negatively skewed distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the mean and median in statistics?

<p>The mean gives a better indication of what the typical score is if there are a few unusually high or low scores in the distribution, while the median is not affected by extreme values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean salary increase for the employees in the second year of the five-person company?

<p>150% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the owner of the company do with the additional profit in the second year?

<p>Keeps it all for themselves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of determining the variability of scores?

<p>It helps to determine how close or far apart the scores are from each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mean and median?

<p>Mean is the sum of all values divided by the number of values, while median is the middle value in a set of data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a narrow and a wide distribution?

<p>A narrow distribution has scores that are bunched closer together than a wide distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What question should you ask if you are told the mean salary increase last year was 150%?

<p>What was the median salary increase? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you ask if you are told the mean income for a company?

<p>What was the median income? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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