Data Analysis and Descriptive Statistics Workbook Review
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of descriptive statistics?

  • To describe the sample data (correct)
  • To interpret statistical results
  • To identify differences in the sample data
  • To make assumptions about the population

Which phase of data analysis allows making assumptions about the population?

  • Histograms
  • Inferential statistics (correct)
  • Numerical measures
  • Frequency tables

What type of tests are applied to the sample's data in inferential statistics?

  • Tests to interpret statistical results
  • Tests to make assumptions about the population (correct)
  • Tests to identify differences in the sample data
  • Tests to summarize and describe the sample data

Why is it important for the sample to be a good representation of the population in inferential statistics?

<p>To make accurate assumptions about the population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do summary statistics include?

<p>Mean (Standard deviation), Median (interquartile ranges), frequency (Percentages) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of data analysis involves deriving conclusions from a statistical output?

<p>Inferential statistics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In section 3.4, what are supplementary tests used for?

<p>Testing for normal distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of task 3 mentioned in the text?

<p>Locating the primary outcome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the relative risk (RR)?

<p>(39 x 60,000) / (6 x 30,000) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the risk of disease considered greater among those exposed according to the relative risk (RR)?

<p>If RR is above 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an odds ratio (OR) measure?

<p>Total number of events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an odds ratio of 13 suggest in the context of smokers and non-smokers?

<p>Smokers are 13 times more likely to develop cancer than non-smokers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the relative risk indicate a lower risk among those exposed?

<p>If RR is less than 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement 'the less frequent the observation, the more likely the RR and OR will produce the same result' imply?

<p>The relationship between RR and OR depends on observation frequency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the relative risk (RR) is exactly 1?

<p>The risk of disease is equal among those exposed and non-exposed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the odds ratio measure in relation to smokers and non-smokers?

<p>The odds of developing cancer for both groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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