DAT Nomenclature Flashcards

Study Notes

Alkanes and Nomenclature

Alkanes consist of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms connected solely by single bonds.
IUPAC naming process involves finding the longest carbon chain, numbering it, naming substituents with the -yl suffix, assigning numbers to each substituent, and completing the name.

Substituents

Methyl refers to a one-carbon substituent.
Isopropyl is a three-carbon substituent with a specific branching structure.

Alkenes and Alkynes

Alkenes are characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds.
Alkynes feature carbon-carbon triple bonds.

Numbering in Nomenclature

The double bond in alkenes receives the lowest possible number during chain numbering.
Haloalkanes and alcohols also receive the lowest numbering and take precedence over other functional groups.

Alcohols

Diols indicate alcohols that contain two hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
Geminal alcohols have hydroxyl groups attached to the same carbon atom.
Vicinal alcohols possess hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbon atoms.

Other Functional Groups

Ethers are derivatives of alkanes.
Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are examples of aldehydes, which contain a carbonyl group (C=O) with the carbon also bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Carboxylic acids contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) and are important in organic chemistry.
Esters are derived from acids, where the hydroxyl group is replaced with an alkoxy group.
Acyl halides contain a carbonyl group attached to a halogen.
Amides consist of a carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen atom.
Nitriles have a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.
Ketones have a carbonyl group located within the carbon chain.
Alcohols pertain to compounds containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
Thiols are similar to alcohols but contain a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen atom.
Amines are organic compounds derived from ammonia, containing nitrogen atoms.

Description

Test your knowledge on organic chemistry nomenclature with these flashcards. Focus on understanding the IUPAC naming steps, types of hydrocarbons, and specific functional groups like alkenes and alkane. Perfect for DAT preparation!