Behavior of gases

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Questions and Answers

What equation relates the mass of a gas to the number of moles?

  • n = m*M
  • M = n*m
  • n = m/M (correct)
  • m = n/M

Which of the following correctly expresses the relationship between different units of volume?

  • 1 m³ = 10⁶dm³
  • 1 m³ = 10³cm³
  • 1 m³ = 10³dm³ (correct)
  • 1 m³ = 10⁶L

What device is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

  • Thermometer
  • Barometer (correct)
  • Hydrometer
  • Manometer

What is the SI unit of pressure?

<p>Pascal (Pa) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the atmospheric pressure increases, what happens to the height of the mercury column in a barometer?

<p>The height of the column increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes gas pressure?

<p>The force exerted per unit area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the volume of a gas when it is allowed to expand in a larger container?

<p>The volume increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical equivalent of 1 atmosphere pressure in kilopascals?

<p>101.325 kPa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of a gas when the pressure increases, according to Boyle's Law?

<p>The volume decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a scenario where the temperature is constant, if the volume of a gas is doubled, what is the expected change in pressure?

<p>Pressure is halved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the PV values represent in the context of Boyle's law experiments?

<p>The product of pressure and volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the isotherm derived from the pressure-volume curve?

<p>PV remains constant despite pressure changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the initial conditions of a gas are 1 atm and 3.15 L, what will be the resulting volume if the pressure changes to 3.5 atm at the same temperature?

<p>0.90 L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations illustrates the practical importance of Boyle's Law?

<p>The flight of an aircraft at high altitude. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between density and pressure changes with altitude, as described in the content?

<p>Density decreases with altitude. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the molecules of gas when the gas is compressed, according to Boyle's Law?

<p>They occupy less space. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the additional pressure required to decrease the volume of a gas from 2.5 L to 1.5 L at constant temperature?

<p>6 x 10⁵ Nm⁻² (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Boyle's law, if a gas occupies 10 L at 190 mm pressure, what will be its volume at 1 atm pressure, assuming constant temperature?

<p>2.5 L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the volume of a given mass of gas be at -2°C if it was V₀ at 0°C?

<p>V₀ (1 - 2/273) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Charles's Law state about the volume of gas in relation to temperature?

<p>The volume increases at a rate of 1/273 for each degree increase in temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest possible temperature known as, at which all gases are supposed to occupy zero volume?

<p>Absolute zero (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a gas initially occupies a volume of 100 L at 1 atm and is reduced to 5 L at the same temperature, how much additional pressure must be applied?

<p>19 atm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a gas system described by Boyle's law, what relationship holds true when temperature is constant?

<p>Pressure and volume are inversely proportional. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to express the volume of a gas at a temperature t°C based on its volume at 0°C?

<p>V₁ = V₀ (1 + t/273) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of sulphur dioxide are present in 1 x 10²² molecules?

<p>1.66 x 10⁻² moles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature in Kelvin when it is 27°C?

<p>300 K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the pressure of 1.66 x 10⁻² moles of gas in a 2.5 L vessel at 300 K using the ideal gas law.

<p>1.635 x 10¹ atm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, what does the total pressure of a gas mixture equal?

<p>The sum of the partial pressures of each gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'aqueous tension' refer to in relation to gas pressure?

<p>Pressure exerted by the water vapors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the observed pressure of moist gas is 5 atm and the aqueous tension at that temperature is 1 atm, what is the pressure of the dry gas?

<p>4 atm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the pressure of nitrogen in a 1 L container is P₁ and that of oxygen in another 1 L container is P₂, what is the pressure in a mixture of both gases in a 1 L container?

<p>P₁ + P₂ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What volume will a gas occupy at 100°C and 5.0 atm if its volume at N.T.P is 10.00 L?

<p>2.73 L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ratio $ rac{PV}{T}$ represent for a given quantity of gas?

<p>It is constant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Avogadro's law, which of the following statements is true?

<p>The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressure is proportional to the number of moles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of K in the ideal gas equation PV = nRT?

<p>K is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following expressions is a correct application of Boyle's law?

<p>V ∝ $ rac{1}{P}$ (at constant T and n) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical value of the universal gas constant R when pressure is in atmosphere and volume in liters?

<p>0.0821 litre atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conditions are necessary to state the volume of a given mass of gas?

<p>Both temperature and pressure must be specified. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn from the equation PV = nRT?

<p>The product of pressure and volume is directly proportional to the number of moles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on the volume of gas at constant pressure, according to Charles' law?

<p>Volume increases as temperature increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a manometer?

<p>To measure gas pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Boyle's law, what happens to the volume of a gas when its pressure increases, assuming constant temperature?

<p>The volume decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the level of mercury in the longer limb of a manometer is higher, how is the gas pressure related to atmospheric pressure?

<p>Gas pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the zero point on the Celsius temperature scale?

<p>It is an arbitrary reference point. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to gas pressure if the level of mercury in the shorter limb of a manometer is higher than in the longer limb?

<p>Gas pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Boyle's law, what remains constant when examining the pressure-volume relationship of a gas?

<p>Mass and temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical representation of Boyle's law?

<p>$PV = K$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are temperatures below -273.15°C considered unattainable?

<p>Because they contradict the laws of thermodynamics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Gas Mass

The amount of matter in a gas sample, measured in grams.

Gas Volume

The space a gas occupies, measured in liters or cubic meters.

Gas Pressure

The force exerted by a gas per unit area on the walls of a container.

Atmospheric Pressure

The pressure exerted by air molecules on Earth's surface.

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Barometer

A device used to measure atmospheric pressure.

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Mole

A unit of measurement for the amount of substance; relates mass to number of particles.

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Units of pressure

The SI unit for pressure is Pascals (Pa). Other units include Newton per square meter (Nm²).

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Gas Laws

Generalizations about the behavior of gases based on experiments.

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Gas pressure measurement

Measured using a manometer, a U-tube filled with mercury. One limb is connected to the gas, the other is open to the atmosphere.

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Manometer

A device used to measure the pressure of gases.

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Boyle's Law

At constant temperature, the product of pressure and volume of a gas is constant.

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Temperature

A measure of how hot or cold something is.

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Celsius scale

A temperature scale where 0°C is arbitrarily set as the freezing point of water and 100°C as its boiling point.

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Gas Laws

General principles describing the behavior of gases based on experimental data.

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Manometer readings

Comparing mercury levels in the U-tube of the manometer determines whether the gas pressure is less than or greater than atmospheric pressure.

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Temperature Limit

The minimum temperature is -273.15°C, unattainable according to gas laws.

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Boyle's Law

At constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas are inversely proportional.

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P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

The mathematical expression of Boyle's Law, showing the relationship between initial and final pressure and volume.

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Isotherm

A graph depicting the relationship between pressure and volume at a constant temperature.

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Constant Temperature

A crucial condition for Boyle's Law to hold true.

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Gas Density

The amount of gas contained per unit volume.

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Atmospheric Pressure

The pressure exerted by the weight of air on Earth's surface.

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Example: Altitude sickness

A condition that can result from decreasing air pressure at high altitudes, impacting oxygen intake.

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Compressibility of Gases

Gases can be compressed into a smaller volume because of the free space between their molecules.

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Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature.

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Universal Gas Constant (R)

A constant of proportionality in the ideal gas law, relating pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of an ideal gas.

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Avogadro's Law

At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.

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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

A set of standard conditions (temperature and pressure) used as a reference point for gas calculations.

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Boyle's Law

At constant temperature and number of moles, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

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Charles' Law

At constant pressure and number of moles, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

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Units of R

The units of the universal gas constant (R) depend on the pressure and volume units.

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Ideal Gas

A gas that perfectly follows the ideal gas law.

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Boyle's Law Equation

At constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.

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Additional pressure calculation

Calculate the difference in pressure needed to change the volume of a gas to a new volume while keeping the temperature constant

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Charles's Law

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

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Absolute Zero

The theoretical temperature at which the volume of a gas would become zero if its temperature continued to decrease at constant pressure.

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Kelvin Scale

A temperature scale that starts at absolute zero (0 K) and uses the same size degrees as the Celsius scale.

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Volume at different Temperatures

Calculate the volume of a gas at a specific temperature, knowing the initial volume and temperature.

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Inverse relationship (Boyle's Law)

When one quantity increases, the other decreases, Keeping one constant will change the other.

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Direct relationship(Charles's Law)

When one quantity increases, the other also increases. Keeping one constant will change the other.

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Partial Pressure

The pressure exerted by a single gas in a mixture of gases.

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Dalton's Law

The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture.

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Ideal Gas Equation

An equation that relates pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas.

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Aqueous Tension

The partial pressure of water vapor above a liquid water surface at a specific temperature.

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Calculate Moles Example 1

Calculating the number of moles of gas from the number of molecules of the gas using Avogadro's number.

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Calculate Pressure Example 2

Calculating the pressure of a gas using the ideal gas equation PV = nRT given values of pressure, volume, temperature and moles.

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Gas Volume

The space occupied by a gas , usually measured in litres.

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Total Pressure Calculation

Determining the total pressure by summing up the individual gas pressures.

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