100 Questions
What is an example of a behavioural adaptation that helps animals avoid predators?
Freezing when predators come near
What type of activity pattern helps animals avoid unfavorable conditions?
Nocturnal
What is a source of variation within a species?
All of the above
What happens to favourable characteristics through successful reproduction?
They become the most common
What process leads to favourable characteristics becoming more common in a population?
Natural selection
What is the term for the process by which different species develop similar characteristics in response to similar environmental pressures?
Parallel evolution
What is the term for an allele that will always be expressed if an individual has one copy of it?
Dominant allele
What is the term for the physical expression of a gene?
Phenotype
What is the term for having two different alleles of a gene?
Heterozygous
What is the term for two or more different forms of a gene?
Alleles
What type of inheritance results in a phenotype that is a blend of a heterozygous allele pair?
Incomplete dominance
What is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?
Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
To determine the genotype and phenotype ratios of a cross
What is the process by which organisms with unfavorable characteristics die off, becoming less common?
Natural selection
What is the term for the survival of organisms with favorable characteristics, leading to their increased representation in a population?
Survival of the fittest
What is the result of variation in characteristics within a species, leading to the selection of favorable traits?
Natural selection
What is the term for similar structures in related species, resulting from shared genetic heritage?
Homologous structures
What type of evolution occurs when organisms from different origins evolve similar adaptations?
Convergent evolution
What is the primary function of the 'fight or flight' response?
To prepare the body for perceived threat or danger
Which hormone is responsible for converting blood glucose to glycogen in the liver?
Insulin
What is the fundamental unit of life, according to the cell theory?
Cell
What is the result of the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands?
Increased heart rate and breathing
Which of the following is a characteristic of all living things, according to the cell theory?
They are all composed of cells
What is the function of the hormone glucagon?
To convert glycogen back to glucose
What is the term for the physical structure of a cell?
Cell structure
Which of the following is a characteristic of multicellular organisms?
They are all composed of specialized cells
What is the primary function of the pancreas?
To produce hormones that regulate blood sugar levels
What is the term for the process by which an organism's body responds to perceived threat or danger?
Fight or flight response
What is the process of asexual reproduction where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent?
Budding
Which organism is an example of asexual reproduction that occurs through spores?
Fungi
What is the process of asexual reproduction where a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals?
Fragmentation
Which type of reproduction requires two parents that each share ½ of the genetic information?
Sexual Reproduction
What is the type of asexual reproduction in which the offspring develops from the egg or female gamete without being fertilized by the male gamete?
Parthenogenesis
What is the main purpose of camouflage in an organism's adaptation to its environment?
To blend into its surroundings and avoid predators
What is the result of genetic mutations and natural selection in a population?
The inheritance of favourable characteristics
What is an example of a functional adaptation in an organism?
The ability to contract muscles when stimulated
Why are smaller animals more suited to very hot climates?
Because they have a larger surface area to volume ratio
What is the primary function of connective tissue in the body?
To provide structural support and protection
What is the primary function of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?
To produce hormones that stimulate or suppress other endocrine glands
What is the role of the thyroid hormone thyroxine?
To regulate the rate of metabolism
How do hormones act on the body?
They act slowly but have long-lasting effects
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
To produce chemicals that stimulate or suppress hormone secretions
What is the term for the process of maintaining the body's internal environment?
Homeostasis
What is the purpose of insulation in some animals?
To regulate body temperature
What is the result of genetic mutations and natural selection in a population?
The adaptation of organisms to their environment
What is the term for physical features of an organism that aid in its survival?
Structural adaptations
What is the role of muscle tissue in the body?
To contract when stimulated by nerve impulses
What is the role of the pancreas in regulating blood sugar levels?
To produce insulin and glucagon
What is the effect of the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands?
Constriction of blood vessels and increase in heart rate
What is the function of the hormone glucagon in the liver?
To convert glycogen back to glucose
What is the consequence of a deficiency in the adrenal glands' function?
Weight gain and sluggishness
What is the term for a change that occurs around us in the environment?
Stimulus
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
To produce and regulate hormones
What is the significance of homeostasis in the body?
It maintains a constant internal environment
Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What is the consequence of homeostasis failure?
The body may become ill or die
What is the primary function of the signal interpretation process in organisms?
To respond to stimuli and initiate behaviours
What is the purpose of shivering when an animal is cold?
To generate heat and warm the body
What is the result of variation in characteristics within a species?
The selection of favorable traits
What is an example of a functional adaptation that helps an organism survive in its environment?
Sweating to cool down
What is the result of genetic mutations and natural selection in a population?
The selection of favorable traits
What is the main purpose of an organism's adaptation to its environment?
To increase its chances of survival and reproduction
What is an example of a stimulus that can be detected by the skin?
Heat
What is the primary function of hormones in the body?
To regulate growth and development, mood, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
To produce releasing hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland
What is the effect of excess thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland?
Hyperactivity
How do hormones act on the body compared to nervous impulses?
Hormones act slower and cause longer-lasting effects
What is the purpose of the mechanism of homeostasis in the body?
To maintain a constant internal environment
What is the function of the endocrine system in the body?
To produce and regulate hormones
What is the difference between the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerve cells
What happens when an organism's internal environment is not maintained at a constant level?
The organism may become ill or even die
What is the purpose of the mechanism of ignoring certain stimuli?
To focus on more important stimuli
What is the primary function of functional adaptations in an organism?
To help the organism survive and reproduce in its environment
Which of the following is an example of a behavioural adaptation?
Freezing when predators come near
What is the result of variation in characteristics within a species?
Variation can either help or hinder an organism in its environment
What is the purpose of an organism's ability to change colour?
To blend in with the environment
What is an example of an adaptation that helps an organism conserve energy?
Hibernation in winter
How do plants respond to sunlight?
By growing towards sunlight
What type of stimuli can the skin detect?
Heat, cold, pressure, and pain
What is the term for the physical features of an organism that aid in its survival?
Structural adaptation
What is the purpose of insulation in some animals?
To regulate body temperature
What is the result of genetic mutations and natural selection in a population?
Adaptations that aid in survival
What is the function of camouflage in an organism's adaptation to its environment?
To blend in with surroundings
What is the main difference between structural and functional adaptations?
Structural adaptations are physical, while functional adaptations are behavioral
What is the response of an animal to a stimulus that causes it to contract its muscles?
Reflex action
What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
It takes less time
What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
The same DNA is produced in more offspring
What is the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring
What is the benefit of asexual reproduction in terms of genetic information?
It produces offspring with the same genetic information
What is the main advantage of asexual reproduction in terms of time?
It takes less time to produce offspring
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in terms of parents involved?
Asexual reproduction requires one parent, while sexual reproduction requires two parents
What is the term for the process where organisms with favorable characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce?
Natural selection
What is the term for the phenomenon where different species evolve from a single ancestor?
Divergent evolution
What is the term for the process where organisms from different origins evolve similar adaptations?
Convergent evolution
What is the term for the survival of organisms with favorable characteristics, leading to their increased representation in a population?
Survival of the fittest
Why did ancestral giraffes with longer necks survive and produce long-necked offspring?
Because they could reach food that others could not
What is the primary reason why organisms develop adaptations?
To increase their chances of survival and breeding
What is the main difference between structural and functional adaptations?
One is related to physical features and the other is related to internal functions
What is the outcome of natural selection and genetic mutations in a population?
The selection of favorable traits
What is the purpose of hibernation in some animals?
To reduce metabolism and conserve energy during periods of food scarcity
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