Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Unit 8 Outline
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Questions and Answers

What did most Europeans in Darwin's day believe about the Earth and species?

  • That the Earth had been created a few thousand years ago and species did not change over time (correct)
  • That the Earth was constantly changing and species were created instantly
  • That the Earth had always existed and species evolved continuously
  • That the Earth had been created millions of years ago and species changed over time
  • According to Lamarck, what was one of the evolutionary mechanisms related to organisms striving to improve themselves?

  • Inheritance of Acquired Traits
  • Adaptation and Variation
  • Use and Disuse (correct)
  • Survival of the Fittest
  • What was one key concept in Darwin's theory of evolution?

  • Malthusian economics
  • Survival of the Fittest (correct)
  • Frequent catastrophes causing mass extinctions
  • Constant perfection in species
  • What is a defining characteristic of homologous body structures?

    <p>They have similar origins but different mature forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes differences within a population that increase its chance of survival?

    <p>Inherited variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process of evolution is illustrated by the adaptive radiation of many diverse species from one common ancestor?

    <p>Divergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism that can explain the diversity of life on Earth?

    <p>Theory of Evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin collect that are the preserved remains of ancient organisms?

    <p>Fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin notice about many plants and animals in their environment?

    <p>They were well-suited to their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influenced Darwin the most during his observations?

    <p>Galápagos Islands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin wonder about animals living on different islands in the Galápagos?

    <p>If they were once members of the same species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a scientific theory according to the text?

    <p>An explanation supported by evidence and testable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the number of each allele in a gene pool?

    <p>Allele frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evolution often begins with a ___________ in allele frequency.

    <p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does genetic equilibrium refer to?

    <p>A stable state of allele frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor required for genetic equilibrium to occur?

    <p>No natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the change in allele frequency due to chance events?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does directional selection occur?

    <p>When the environment favors an extreme phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of selection occurs when an environmental change makes it unfavorable to have the medium phenotype?

    <p>Disruptive selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Peppered" and "black" are examples of what kind of moths?

    <p>&quot;Extreme&quot; moths</p> Signup and view all the answers

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