Darwin and Natural Selection

False (B)

The diversity of organisms encountered along the entire journey.

<p>fifty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charles Darwin = Proposed the Theory of Natural Selection based on observations from his voyage on the HMS Beagle Jean-Baptiste Lamarck = Suggested the Theory of Use and Disuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection resulting from adaptation to different food sources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The different beak structure allowed the the birds to eat different types of food. Those birds with beaks more suited to the available food survived; those whose beaks were unsuitable did not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'Apapane = Insects and ohia nectar The akiapola'au = Insects, often under bark The iiwi = Nectar from ohia flowers The Maui parrotbill = Tears back bark to search for beetles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population of fish producing thousands of eggs, knowing that only a small fraction will survive to adulthood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Without variation, there would be no differential survival or reproduction based on advantageous traits, negating the process of natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptations arise through natural selection, increasing an organism's fitness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in phenotype during an organism's life alter the organism's genetic information, but are not passed onto the next generation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair color alteration is a phenotypic change that does not have impact on the genetic information passed on to offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>genetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutting the tail of a mouse over several generations does not result in tailless offspring. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of accessible food led to natural selection favoring giraffes with longer necks, enabling them to reach taller trees. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Darwin emphasized natural selection acting on existing variations, whereas Lamarck focused on inheritance of acquired characteristics due to environmental pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charles Darwin = Proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He introduced a testable hypothesis regarding the mechanisms by which species might evolve, an early concept in evolutionary biology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zoological Philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>naturalist</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck = Proposed an early hypothesis on how plants and animals might have evolved. Charles Darwin = Formulated the theory of natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If an organism changes during life to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lamarck's theory suggests that ancestral giraffes stretched their necks to reach high foliage, and this acquired characteristic was passed on, resulting in progressively longer necks over generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics = Traits improved during an organism's life are passed on to offspring. Use and Disuse = Organs or traits used more frequently become stronger and larger, while those not used deteriorate. Progressive Evolution = Organisms evolve towards greater complexity and perfection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Birds stretching their necks to reach higher branches, leading to offspring with longer necks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>disuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins; this process is unidirectional. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to Lamarck, flightless birds evolved from flying ancestors because they stopped using their wings. Over generations, the disuse of wings led to their gradual reduction in size until the birds became flightless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use = Organs in use will develop and become more efficient. Disuse = Organs not in use will disappear over time. Acquired Characteristics = Parent animals could pass on its offspring the characteristics it had acquired during its lifetime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA. It recognizes promoter sequences on the DNA, such as the TATA box, to initiate transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>helicase; topoisomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiation = Ribosome assembles at the start codon (AUG) Elongation = tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to form a polypeptide chain Termination = Release factor binds to the stop codon, causing the ribosome to dissociate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life forms were created in their present form and have remained fundamentally unchanged since their creation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>unchanged or fixity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>creationism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carl von Linnaeus = Believed in the fixity of species Modern Biologists = Study and accept evolutionary changes in species over time 18th-century proponents of Creationism = Believed that life forms were created in their current form</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce.

Darwin observed that finch beak shapes varied according to food types available in the Galapagos Islands.

Different finch species have unique beak structures suited for specific food sources, like seeds or nectar.

A finch species that feeds on insects and nectar from ohia flowers.

This finch crushes seeds with its heavy bill, adapting to specific food availability.

Differences among population members passed to offspring.

Producing many offspring to increase survival chances.

Genetically acquired traits that enhance survival.

Key outcomes of adaptation and natural selection.

Proposed that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to offspring.

Changes in an organism's physical traits that occur during its lifetime.

Characteristics that are passed from parents to their offspring genetically.

The scientific consensus that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited.

DNA that codes for traits passed on to the next generation.

Charles Darwin's journey on the HMS Beagle influenced his ideas on evolution.

Darwin's theory that organisms better suited to their environment survive and reproduce.

The variety of life forms observed by Darwin during his expedition.

The unique environment of the Galapagos significantly shaped Darwin's evolutionary theories.

Traits gained by an organism during its lifetime, believed to be passed to offspring.

Lamarck proposed that giraffes evolved longer necks by stretching for food.

The process by which offspring receive characteristics from their parents, according to Lamarck.

The idea that animals change traits based on environmental needs for survival, per Lamarck.

Lamarck's idea that unused organs shrink or disappear, while used organs grow.

Lamarck's concept that traits gained in life can be inherited by offspring.

Lamarck proposed mechanisms for evolution focusing on use, disuse, and inheritance of traits.

Organs not actively used will diminish over generations per Lamarck's theory.

Scientist known for proposing the Theory of Evolution through natural selection.

Darwin's theory differs from Lamarck's idea of acquired traits being inherited.

A phrase describing the process where only the best adapted organisms survive.

The molecular structure of DNA, consisting of two strands forming a double helix.

A single-stranded nucleic acid that plays a role in translating genetic information.

DNA stores genetic information used to create proteins through transcription.

RNA transcribes the genetic code from DNA and translates it into proteins.

The change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

A French naturalist who proposed early ideas on evolution in 1809.

Lamarck's book that presented his ideas on evolution.

Lamarck's specific explanation for how species evolve over time.

Lamarck suggested that species develop over time through acquired traits.

Characteristics gained during an organism's life that Lamarck believed could be inherited.

The belief that all life forms were created in their present form and remain unchanged.

The idea that species, once created, do not change over time.

The Father of Taxonomy who believed in creationism and fixity of species.

During this time, most people accepted creationism over evolutionary theories.

The concept that all species have remained the same since their creation.