ARCHITECTURAL PREBOARD EXAMINATIONS

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

A design in which the tension capacity of the tension steel is greater than the combined compression capacity of the concrete and the compression steel. This design is more dangerous due to possibility of abrupt collapse in the reinforced concrete structure.

Balanced design

Working stress design

Under reinforced

Over-reinforced (correct)

Occupancies and structures necessary for surgery and emergency treatment areas.

Essential facilities (correct)

Hazardous facilities

Special occupancy

Standard occupancy

This consists of the weight of all materials and other fixed or permanent loads including temporary and imposed loads, movable loads and occupants.

Dead Load

Live

Soil Pressure

Gravity Load (correct)

A wall design to resist the lateral displacement of soil or other materials.

Retaining wall Signup and view all the answers

It is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical-resisting elements, including the horizontal bracing systems.

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above.

Soft story Signup and view all the answers

It is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of the story above.

Weak story Signup and view all the answers

It is the secondary effect on shears, axial forces and moments of frame members due to the action of the vertical induced by horizontal displacement of the structure resulting from various loading.

P-Delta Effect Signup and view all the answers

It is an artificial stone derived from a mixture of properly proportioned amount of hydraulic cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water, with or without admixtures.

Concrete Signup and view all the answers

A material other than aggregate, water, or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.

Admixture Signup and view all the answers

The art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay, brick, or concrete block. It also refers generally to construction of poured concrete, reinforced or unreinforced.

Masonry Signup and view all the answers

Beam supporting materials above opening of windows and doors:

Lintel Beam Signup and view all the answers

It is the ability of a material to be stretch without failure.

Elasticity Signup and view all the answers

The sharp bending or sharp buckling when a column is loaded heavily is called:

Crippling Signup and view all the answers

Usual failure of intermediate concrete column:

Crushing and Buckling Signup and view all the answers

In materials science, it (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to move slowly or deform permanently under the influence of persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Associated with high temperature.

Creep Signup and view all the answers

Reinforcing bars put in contact to act as a unit is called:

Bundled bars Signup and view all the answers

A very common and important structural element, are constructed to provide flat, useful surfaces. It is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or near so. The depth is very small compared to its span.

Slab Signup and view all the answers

The stirrups resist the vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam. What is the other function of stirrups?

Hold longitudinal bars in place Signup and view all the answers

Honey comb in concrete can be limited by the:

Use of concrete vibrator Signup and view all the answers

Effects of earthquake is severe at the location of:

Fault lines Signup and view all the answers

Ties are used for what type of structural elements?

Columns Signup and view all the answers

What do you call a column that is not aligned to a lower floor column?

Planted Signup and view all the answers

It is a method of prestressing in which prestressing reinforcement is tensioned before concrete is cast.

Pre-Tensioning Signup and view all the answers

It is a frame in which beams, slabs, columns, and joints resist forces predominantly shear, and axial force; Beams or slabs are predominantly horizontal or nearly horizontal; Columns are predominantly vertical or nearly vertical.

Moment Frame Signup and view all the answers

The failure of a base when heavily loaded columns strike a hole through it is due to:

Punching Shear failure Signup and view all the answers

The shear stress at the surface of a reinforcing bar which prevents relative movement between the bar and the surrounding concrete. It is also defined as the force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces is:

Bond stress Signup and view all the answers

It is a reinforcement used in beams to resist shear and torsion stresses in a structural member; typically, deformed bars, deformed wires, or welded wire reinforcement either single leg or bent into L, U or rectangular shapes and located perpendicular to or at an angle to longitudinal reinforcement. For tied columns it is called "tie”.

Stirrup Signup and view all the answers

What is the temporary force exerted by a device that introduce tension into a pre-stressing tendons?

Jacking force Signup and view all the answers

It is a concrete used for structural purposes, including plain and reinforced concrete.

Structural concrete Signup and view all the answers

In geotechnical engineering, it is defined as the vertical movement of the ground, generally caused be changes in stresses within the earth. ... and is most likely to occur when increased vertical stresses are applied to the ground on or above soft or loose soil strata.

Settlement Signup and view all the answers

The ability of soil to allow water to flow through it.

Permeability Signup and view all the answers

Slump test is done in fresh concrete in order primarily to determine:

Workability Signup and view all the answers

This has the effect of delaying the onset of hardening and reducing the rate of hydration process in concrete:

Retarder Signup and view all the answers

Inert materials in concrete which occupy more than 75% of the volume of the hardened concrete:

Aggregates Signup and view all the answers

The wall that supports vertical loads:

Load-Bearing wall Signup and view all the answers

It is a formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened plane and regulate the location of cracking resulting from the dimensional change of different parts of the structure.

Contraction Joint Signup and view all the answers

It is the length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.

Development length Signup and view all the answers

It is a method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has hardened.

Post Tensioning Signup and view all the answers

It is a material encasing prestressing reinforcement to prevent bonding of the prestressing reinforcement with the surrounding concrete, to provide corrosion protection, and to contain the corrosion inhibiting coating. a. b. c. d.

Sheathing Signup and view all the answers

Working stress refers to the actual stress developed in a material under a given load; while the
maximum safe stress that a material can withstand is referred to:

Allowable stress Signup and view all the answers

It is the stress induced as a result of restrained deformations due to change in temperature:

Thermal stress Signup and view all the answers

It is a continuously wound reinforcement in the form of a cylindrical helix.

Spiral reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

A point within a beam or column where no moment is developed and a point of a curve at which a change in the direction of curvature occurs, is called:

Inflection Point Signup and view all the answers

A long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the bodies of water.

Dike Signup and view all the answers

It is a form of bracing where a pair of braces located either above or below a beam terminates at a single point within the clear beam span, is called:

Chevron Signup and view all the answers

It is an upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension not exceeding of 3:

Pedestal Signup and view all the answers

It is a separation of an existing concrete slab from a new concrete slab or wall. A piece of expansion joint (usually ½” wide and made of cork or recycled fiber material) is placed against the existing concrete slab and when the new concrete slab is poured. This joint separates the two slabs.

Isolation joint Signup and view all the answers

It is used to fasten together components of a built-up member, such as a plate girder, and to make connections between steel members using fusion in a controlled atmosphere and requires more skilled labor.

Welding Signup and view all the answers

Knot in woods or timbers are what type of defect?

Natural defect Signup and view all the answers

The minimum bend diameter for 10-mm through 25-mm-Ø deformed bars is:

6db Signup and view all the answers

The maximum spacing of spirals is:

75mm Signup and view all the answers

The strength reduction factor, Ø for flexure is:

0.9 Signup and view all the answers

The minimum size of slab main reinforcement is:

12mm Signup and view all the answers

For One Way Slab, the ratio of Width to Length, m, is:

m < 0.5 Signup and view all the answers

For Two Way Slab, the Ratio of Width to Length, m, is: a. b. c. d.

m ≥ 0.5 Signup and view all the answers

The minimum reinforcement for tied column is:

4-16mm Ø Signup and view all the answers

The minimum reinforcement for spiral column is:

6-16mm Ø Signup and view all the answers

ASTM steel with yield stress of 36000 psi has a symbol of:

A36 Signup and view all the answers

The thickness of one-way slab should never be less than:

100mm Signup and view all the answers

Slabs not exposed to weather and not in contact with the ground must have a minimum clear cover of:

20mm Signup and view all the answers

The Coarse Aggregates in concrete must be larger than but not to exceed nominal size prescribed in Section 403.4.2 of NSCP:

3/16 ≤ size ≤ 1 inch Signup and view all the answers

The strength of concrete at 28th day is 3000 psi. This value is the same as:

20.67 MPa Signup and view all the answers

Grade 60 Steel-Reinforcement has a yield stress of 275.8 MPa. This stress is the same as:

60 ksi Signup and view all the answers

Shear and Torsion strength reduction factor Ø, is:

0.75 Signup and view all the answers

ASTM Type I Cement is generally for:

General purpose Signup and view all the answers

No.8 deformed bar has a diameter of:

25mm Signup and view all the answers

Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth must a minimum concrete cover of:

75mm Signup and view all the answers

Lap splices for uncoated deformed bar or wire must not be less than the larger of 48db and___.

300 mm Signup and view all the answers

Deformed bars larger than ___ mm should not be bundled.

36 Signup and view all the answers

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db but not less than ___:

25mm Signup and view all the answers

The maximum number of reinforcement for bundled bars is:

4 Signup and view all the answers

A simply supported beam, L meters long, carrying a uniformly distributed load of w (N/m) throughout the span, has a maximum moment of:

1/8 w L2 Signup and view all the answers

Minimum length of Class A lap for tension Lap Splices shall be ___, but not less than 300 mm:

ld Signup and view all the answers

Type of welding used to fuse metal studs or similar parts to other steel parts by the heat of an electric arc. At the end of the welded part the stud is equipped with a ceramic ferrule, which contains flux which also partly shields the weld when molten.

Stud welding Signup and view all the answers

Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete on beams if pouring cannot be done in one setting?

At L/3 Signup and view all the answers

What do you call 2 or more materials that are combined together?

Composite Signup and view all the answers

What forces does a Curtain Wall resist?

Own weight Signup and view all the answers

Web reinforcements that resist vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam and hold the main rebars in place.

stirrups Signup and view all the answers

Will most likely fail due to buckling.

Long column Signup and view all the answers

Distance measured from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, is:

effective depth Signup and view all the answers

Loop of reinforcing bars or wires enclosing longitudinal reinforcement in tied columns.

ties Signup and view all the answers

Element, usually vertical, used to enclose or separate spaces and also at times, serve as structural member.

wall Signup and view all the answers

The Occupancy Importance Factor, Ip, is 1.0 except for the Hazardous Facilities and Essential Facilities, which is:

2.5 Signup and view all the answers

Inert material that is mixed with hydraulic cement and water to produce concrete.

aggregate Signup and view all the answers

In spirally reinforced concrete column, the clear spacing between spirals (pitch) shall not be larger than 75mm and shall not be less than:

25mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of introducing a jacking force in which tendons are tensioned after the concrete has hardened enough to sustain this temporary force?

Post tensioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight in kilogram of a 1-meter long No.4 deformed bar?

0.888 Signup and view all the answers

The intensity of force per unit area is called:

stress Signup and view all the answers

This refers to the length of reinforcement or mechanical anchor or hook or combination thereof beyond point of zero stress in reinforcement.

end anchorage Signup and view all the answers

It is a 3-second gust speed at 10 meters above the ground in Exposure C and associated with an annual probability of 0.02 of being equaled or exceeded (50 year mean recurrence interval).

Basic Wind Speed Signup and view all the answers

It is defined as displacement of one level relative to the level above or below it.

story drift Signup and view all the answers

Splices of deformed bars shall be staggered at least ____ and in such a manner as to develop at every section at least twice the calculated tensile force at that section but not less than 140 MPa for total area of reinforcement provided.

600mm Signup and view all the answers

It is a continuous reinforcing bar having a seismic hook at one end and a hook of not less than 90 degrees with at least a six-diameter extension at the other end. The hook shall engage peripheral longitudinal bars. The 90-degree hooks of two successive ties of this type, engaging longitudinal bars shall be alternated end for end.

crosstie Signup and view all the answers

The minimum thickness required by Code for a solid Cantilevered Slab shall be the larger of 75mm and:

length/10 Signup and view all the answers

It is a permanent roofed structure attached to and supported by the building and projecting over public right-of-way.

Marquee Signup and view all the answers

For non-prestressed concrete the minimum concrete cover for beams and columns not exposed to weather and not in contact with the earth is:

40mm Signup and view all the answers

The minimum tie or hoop diameter for bundled bars is:

12mm Signup and view all the answers

For cast-in-place construction, size (diameter) of spirals shall not be less than ___ for 16mm through 32mm longitudinal bars.

10mm Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Structural Design Concerns

Tension steel capacity exceeding combined compression capacity in concrete and steel leads to risk of collapse.
Sudden failure is a concern in structures requiring additional safety, like surgical and emergency treatment areas.
Lateral displacement walls are designed to counter soil movement, essential for maintaining structural integrity.

Materials and Construction Techniques

Artificial stone consists of a mix of hydraulic cement, aggregates, and water, which may include admixtures for enhanced properties.
Expansion joints, usually made with cork or recycled fiber, separate new concrete from existing slabs, preventing cracking.
Reinforcement bars are vital in providing necessary strength in concrete beams and slabs, securing structural reliability.

Tension and Compression

The capacity of materials in tension, portrayed as the ability to stretch without failure, must be balanced against compression limits.
Columns with heavy loading can experience significant bending or buckling, leading to structural weakness.

Engineering Principles

Effective design incorporates factors like shear, axial forces, and lateral stiffness measurements to ensure safety and stability.
Construction methods, such as prestressing, involve preloading to enhance structural performance before concrete curing.

Building Regulations and Measurements

Compliance with codes requires minimum sizes for slab reinforcement and specified concrete covers for durability.
Critical dimensions are essential, including the depth-to-span ratio for beams and maximum spacing for spirals in structural concrete.

Seismic considerations

Structures must be designed to withstand lateral forces from seismic activity to ensure safety during earthquakes.
The occupancy importance factor differentiates between standard buildings and essential facilities needing higher safety standards.

Concrete Properties

Fresh concrete is tested for slump, indicating workability and consistency in application.
Coarse aggregates must fit nominal size specifications to ensure proper concrete mixture characteristics.

Structural Reinforcements

Stirrups provide additional support by resisting vertical and diagonal tensions within a beam.
Web reinforcements are crucial for preventing injuries to main rebars, enhancing overall structural integrity.

Load and Stress Analysis

The maximum moment in a simply supported beam under a uniform load is calculated using span length and distributed load values.
Stress analyses must account for temperature-induced deformations and the impacts of long-term load on material integrity.

Fastening Methods

Crucial connections in constructed elements, like plate girders, rely on skilled welding techniques under controlled conditions.
Mechanical anchoring is used to enhance the reinforcement's effectiveness at critical stress points.

General Knowledge

Understanding of inert materials, hydration effects, and the relevance of materials science is essential for effective construction practices.
Familiarity with specific ASTM standards, yield stress indicators, and reinforcement types is vital in structural engineering disciplines.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

ARCHITECTURAL PREBOARD EXAMINATIONS

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

A design in which the tension capacity of the tension steel is greater than the combined compression capacity of the concrete and the compression steel. This design is more dangerous due to possibility of abrupt collapse in the reinforced concrete structure.

Occupancies and structures necessary for surgery and emergency treatment areas.

This consists of the weight of all materials and other fixed or permanent loads including temporary and imposed loads, movable loads and occupants.

A wall design to resist the lateral displacement of soil or other materials.

It is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical-resisting elements, including the horizontal bracing systems.

It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above.

It is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of the story above.

It is the secondary effect on shears, axial forces and moments of frame members due to the action of the vertical induced by horizontal displacement of the structure resulting from various loading.

It is an artificial stone derived from a mixture of properly proportioned amount of hydraulic cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water, with or without admixtures.

A material other than aggregate, water, or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.

The art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay, brick, or concrete block. It also refers generally to construction of poured concrete, reinforced or unreinforced.

Beam supporting materials above opening of windows and doors:

It is the ability of a material to be stretch without failure.

The sharp bending or sharp buckling when a column is loaded heavily is called:

Usual failure of intermediate concrete column:

Reinforcing bars put in contact to act as a unit is called:

A very common and important structural element, are constructed to provide flat, useful surfaces. It is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or near so. The depth is very small compared to its span.

The stirrups resist the vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam. What is the other function of stirrups?

Honey comb in concrete can be limited by the:

Effects of earthquake is severe at the location of:

Ties are used for what type of structural elements?

What do you call a column that is not aligned to a lower floor column?

It is a method of prestressing in which prestressing reinforcement is tensioned before concrete is cast.

It is a frame in which beams, slabs, columns, and joints resist forces predominantly shear, and axial force; Beams or slabs are predominantly horizontal or nearly horizontal; Columns are predominantly vertical or nearly vertical.

The failure of a base when heavily loaded columns strike a hole through it is due to:

The shear stress at the surface of a reinforcing bar which prevents relative movement between the bar and the surrounding concrete. It is also defined as the force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces is:

What is the temporary force exerted by a device that introduce tension into a pre-stressing tendons?

It is a concrete used for structural purposes, including plain and reinforced concrete.

In geotechnical engineering, it is defined as the vertical movement of the ground, generally caused be changes in stresses within the earth. ... and is most likely to occur when increased vertical stresses are applied to the ground on or above soft or loose soil strata.

The ability of soil to allow water to flow through it.

Slump test is done in fresh concrete in order primarily to determine:

This has the effect of delaying the onset of hardening and reducing the rate of hydration process in concrete:

Inert materials in concrete which occupy more than 75% of the volume of the hardened concrete:

The wall that supports vertical loads:

It is a formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened plane and regulate the location of cracking resulting from the dimensional change of different parts of the structure.

It is the length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.

It is a method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has hardened.

It is a material encasing prestressing reinforcement to prevent bonding of the prestressing reinforcement with the surrounding concrete, to provide corrosion protection, and to contain the corrosion inhibiting coating. a. b. c. d.

Working stress refers to the actual stress developed in a material under a given load; while the maximum safe stress that a material can withstand is referred to:

It is the stress induced as a result of restrained deformations due to change in temperature:

It is a continuously wound reinforcement in the form of a cylindrical helix.

A point within a beam or column where no moment is developed and a point of a curve at which a change in the direction of curvature occurs, is called:

A long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the bodies of water.

It is a form of bracing where a pair of braces located either above or below a beam terminates at a single point within the clear beam span, is called:

It is an upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension not exceeding of 3:

It is a separation of an existing concrete slab from a new concrete slab or wall. A piece of expansion joint (usually ½” wide and made of cork or recycled fiber material) is placed against the existing concrete slab and when the new concrete slab is poured. This joint separates the two slabs.

It is used to fasten together components of a built-up member, such as a plate girder, and to make connections between steel members using fusion in a controlled atmosphere and requires more skilled labor.

Knot in woods or timbers are what type of defect?

The minimum bend diameter for 10-mm through 25-mm-Ø deformed bars is:

The maximum spacing of spirals is:

The strength reduction factor, Ø for flexure is:

The minimum size of slab main reinforcement is:

For One Way Slab, the ratio of Width to Length, m, is:

For Two Way Slab, the Ratio of Width to Length, m, is: a. b. c. d.

The minimum reinforcement for tied column is:

The minimum reinforcement for spiral column is:

ASTM steel with yield stress of 36000 psi has a symbol of:

The thickness of one-way slab should never be less than:

Slabs not exposed to weather and not in contact with the ground must have a minimum clear cover of:

The Coarse Aggregates in concrete must be larger than but not to exceed nominal size prescribed in Section 403.4.2 of NSCP:

The strength of concrete at 28th day is 3000 psi. This value is the same as:

Grade 60 Steel-Reinforcement has a yield stress of 275.8 MPa. This stress is the same as:

Shear and Torsion strength reduction factor Ø, is:

ASTM Type I Cement is generally for:

No.8 deformed bar has a diameter of:

Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth must a minimum concrete cover of:

Lap splices for uncoated deformed bar or wire must not be less than the larger of 48db and___.

Deformed bars larger than ___ mm should not be bundled.

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db but not less than ___:

The maximum number of reinforcement for bundled bars is:

A simply supported beam, L meters long, carrying a uniformly distributed load of w (N/m) throughout the span, has a maximum moment of:

Minimum length of Class A lap for tension Lap Splices shall be ___, but not less than 300 mm:

Type of welding used to fuse metal studs or similar parts to other steel parts by the heat of an electric arc. At the end of the welded part the stud is equipped with a ceramic ferrule, which contains flux which also partly shields the weld when molten.

Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete on beams if pouring cannot be done in one setting?

What do you call 2 or more materials that are combined together?

What forces does a Curtain Wall resist?

Web reinforcements that resist vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam and hold the main rebars in place.

Working stress refers to the actual stress developed in a material under a given load; while the
maximum safe stress that a material can withstand is referred to: