Podcast
Questions and Answers
A design in which the tension capacity of the tension steel is greater than the combined compression capacity of the concrete and the compression steel. This design is more dangerous due to possibility of abrupt collapse in the reinforced concrete structure.
A design in which the tension capacity of the tension steel is greater than the combined compression capacity of the concrete and the compression steel. This design is more dangerous due to possibility of abrupt collapse in the reinforced concrete structure.
Occupancies and structures necessary for surgery and emergency treatment areas.
Occupancies and structures necessary for surgery and emergency treatment areas.
This consists of the weight of all materials and other fixed or permanent loads including temporary and imposed loads, movable loads and occupants.
This consists of the weight of all materials and other fixed or permanent loads including temporary and imposed loads, movable loads and occupants.
A wall design to resist the lateral displacement of soil or other materials.
A wall design to resist the lateral displacement of soil or other materials.
Signup and view all the answers
It is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical-resisting elements, including the horizontal bracing systems.
It is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical-resisting elements, including the horizontal bracing systems.
Signup and view all the answers
It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above.
It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above.
Signup and view all the answers
It is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of the story above.
It is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of the story above.
Signup and view all the answers
It is the secondary effect on shears, axial forces and moments of frame members due to the action of the vertical induced by horizontal displacement of the structure resulting from various loading.
It is the secondary effect on shears, axial forces and moments of frame members due to the action of the vertical induced by horizontal displacement of the structure resulting from various loading.
Signup and view all the answers
It is an artificial stone derived from a mixture of properly proportioned amount of hydraulic cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water, with or without admixtures.
It is an artificial stone derived from a mixture of properly proportioned amount of hydraulic cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water, with or without admixtures.
Signup and view all the answers
A material other than aggregate, water, or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.
A material other than aggregate, water, or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.
Signup and view all the answers
The art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay, brick, or concrete block. It also refers generally to construction of poured concrete, reinforced or unreinforced.
The art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay, brick, or concrete block. It also refers generally to construction of poured concrete, reinforced or unreinforced.
Signup and view all the answers
Beam supporting materials above opening of windows and doors:
Beam supporting materials above opening of windows and doors:
Signup and view all the answers
It is the ability of a material to be stretch without failure.
It is the ability of a material to be stretch without failure.
Signup and view all the answers
The sharp bending or sharp buckling when a column is loaded heavily is called:
The sharp bending or sharp buckling when a column is loaded heavily is called:
Signup and view all the answers
Usual failure of intermediate concrete column:
Usual failure of intermediate concrete column:
Signup and view all the answers
In materials science, it (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to move slowly or deform permanently under the influence of persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Associated with high temperature.
In materials science, it (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to move slowly or deform permanently under the influence of persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Associated with high temperature.
Signup and view all the answers
Reinforcing bars put in contact to act as a unit is called:
Reinforcing bars put in contact to act as a unit is called:
Signup and view all the answers
A very common and important structural element, are constructed to provide flat, useful surfaces. It is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or near so. The depth is very small compared to its span.
A very common and important structural element, are constructed to provide flat, useful surfaces. It is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or near so. The depth is very small compared to its span.
Signup and view all the answers
The stirrups resist the vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam. What is the other function of stirrups?
The stirrups resist the vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam. What is the other function of stirrups?
Signup and view all the answers
Honey comb in concrete can be limited by the:
Honey comb in concrete can be limited by the:
Signup and view all the answers
Effects of earthquake is severe at the location of:
Effects of earthquake is severe at the location of:
Signup and view all the answers
Ties are used for what type of structural elements?
Ties are used for what type of structural elements?
Signup and view all the answers
What do you call a column that is not aligned to a lower floor column?
What do you call a column that is not aligned to a lower floor column?
Signup and view all the answers
It is a method of prestressing in which prestressing reinforcement is tensioned before concrete is cast.
It is a method of prestressing in which prestressing reinforcement is tensioned before concrete is cast.
Signup and view all the answers
It is a frame in which beams, slabs, columns, and joints resist forces predominantly shear, and axial force; Beams or slabs are predominantly horizontal or nearly horizontal; Columns are predominantly vertical or nearly vertical.
It is a frame in which beams, slabs, columns, and joints resist forces predominantly shear, and axial force; Beams or slabs are predominantly horizontal or nearly horizontal; Columns are predominantly vertical or nearly vertical.
Signup and view all the answers
The failure of a base when heavily loaded columns strike a hole through it is due to:
The failure of a base when heavily loaded columns strike a hole through it is due to:
Signup and view all the answers
The shear stress at the surface of a reinforcing bar which prevents relative movement between the bar and the surrounding concrete. It is also defined as the force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces is:
The shear stress at the surface of a reinforcing bar which prevents relative movement between the bar and the surrounding concrete. It is also defined as the force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces is:
Signup and view all the answers
It is a reinforcement used in beams to resist shear and torsion stresses in a structural member; typically, deformed bars, deformed wires, or welded wire reinforcement either single leg or bent into L, U or rectangular shapes and located perpendicular to or at an angle to longitudinal reinforcement. For tied columns it is called "tie”.
It is a reinforcement used in beams to resist shear and torsion stresses in a structural member; typically, deformed bars, deformed wires, or welded wire reinforcement either single leg or bent into L, U or rectangular shapes and located perpendicular to or at an angle to longitudinal reinforcement. For tied columns it is called "tie”.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the temporary force exerted by a device that introduce tension into a pre-stressing tendons?
What is the temporary force exerted by a device that introduce tension into a pre-stressing tendons?
Signup and view all the answers
It is a concrete used for structural purposes, including plain and reinforced concrete.
It is a concrete used for structural purposes, including plain and reinforced concrete.
Signup and view all the answers
In geotechnical engineering, it is defined as the vertical movement of the ground, generally caused be changes in stresses within the earth. ... and is most likely to occur when increased vertical stresses are applied to the ground on or above soft or loose soil strata.
In geotechnical engineering, it is defined as the vertical movement of the ground, generally caused be changes in stresses within the earth. ... and is most likely to occur when increased vertical stresses are applied to the ground on or above soft or loose soil strata.
Signup and view all the answers
The ability of soil to allow water to flow through it.
The ability of soil to allow water to flow through it.
Signup and view all the answers
Slump test is done in fresh concrete in order primarily to determine:
Slump test is done in fresh concrete in order primarily to determine:
Signup and view all the answers
This has the effect of delaying the onset of hardening and reducing the rate of hydration process in concrete:
This has the effect of delaying the onset of hardening and reducing the rate of hydration process in concrete:
Signup and view all the answers
Inert materials in concrete which occupy more than 75% of the volume of the hardened concrete:
Inert materials in concrete which occupy more than 75% of the volume of the hardened concrete:
Signup and view all the answers
The wall that supports vertical loads:
The wall that supports vertical loads:
Signup and view all the answers
It is a formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened plane and regulate the location of cracking resulting from the dimensional change of different parts of the structure.
It is a formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened plane and regulate the location of cracking resulting from the dimensional change of different parts of the structure.
Signup and view all the answers
It is the length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.
It is the length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.
Signup and view all the answers
It is a method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has hardened.
It is a method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has hardened.
Signup and view all the answers
It is a material encasing prestressing reinforcement to prevent bonding of the prestressing reinforcement with the surrounding concrete, to provide corrosion protection, and to contain the corrosion inhibiting coating.
a.
b.
c.
d.
It is a material encasing prestressing reinforcement to prevent bonding of the prestressing reinforcement with the surrounding concrete, to provide corrosion protection, and to contain the corrosion inhibiting coating. a. b. c. d.
Signup and view all the answers
Working stress refers to the actual stress developed in a material under a given load; while the
maximum safe stress that a material can withstand is referred to:
Working stress refers to the actual stress developed in a material under a given load; while the
maximum safe stress that a material can withstand is referred to:
Signup and view all the answers
It is the stress induced as a result of restrained deformations due to change in temperature:
It is the stress induced as a result of restrained deformations due to change in temperature:
Signup and view all the answers
It is a continuously wound reinforcement in the form of a cylindrical helix.
It is a continuously wound reinforcement in the form of a cylindrical helix.
Signup and view all the answers
A point within a beam or column where no moment is developed and a point of a curve at which a change in the direction of curvature occurs, is called:
A point within a beam or column where no moment is developed and a point of a curve at which a change in the direction of curvature occurs, is called:
Signup and view all the answers
A long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the bodies of water.
A long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the bodies of water.
Signup and view all the answers
It is a form of bracing where a pair of braces located either above or below a beam terminates at a single point within the clear beam span, is called:
It is a form of bracing where a pair of braces located either above or below a beam terminates at a single point within the clear beam span, is called:
Signup and view all the answers
It is an upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension not exceeding of 3:
It is an upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension not exceeding of 3:
Signup and view all the answers
It is a separation of an existing concrete slab from a new concrete slab or wall. A piece of expansion joint (usually ½” wide and made of cork or recycled fiber material) is placed against the existing concrete slab and when the new concrete slab is poured. This joint separates the two slabs.
It is a separation of an existing concrete slab from a new concrete slab or wall. A piece of expansion joint (usually ½” wide and made of cork or recycled fiber material) is placed against the existing concrete slab and when the new concrete slab is poured. This joint separates the two slabs.
Signup and view all the answers
It is used to fasten together components of a built-up member, such as a plate girder, and to make connections between steel members using fusion in a controlled atmosphere and requires more skilled labor.
It is used to fasten together components of a built-up member, such as a plate girder, and to make connections between steel members using fusion in a controlled atmosphere and requires more skilled labor.
Signup and view all the answers
Knot in woods or timbers are what type of defect?
Knot in woods or timbers are what type of defect?
Signup and view all the answers
The minimum bend diameter for 10-mm through 25-mm-Ø deformed bars is:
The minimum bend diameter for 10-mm through 25-mm-Ø deformed bars is:
Signup and view all the answers
The maximum spacing of spirals is:
The maximum spacing of spirals is:
Signup and view all the answers
The strength reduction factor, Ø for flexure is:
The strength reduction factor, Ø for flexure is:
Signup and view all the answers
The minimum size of slab main reinforcement is:
The minimum size of slab main reinforcement is:
Signup and view all the answers
For One Way Slab, the ratio of Width to Length, m, is:
For One Way Slab, the ratio of Width to Length, m, is:
Signup and view all the answers
For Two Way Slab, the Ratio of Width to Length, m, is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
For Two Way Slab, the Ratio of Width to Length, m, is: a. b. c. d.
Signup and view all the answers
The minimum reinforcement for tied column is:
The minimum reinforcement for tied column is:
Signup and view all the answers
The minimum reinforcement for spiral column is:
The minimum reinforcement for spiral column is:
Signup and view all the answers
ASTM steel with yield stress of 36000 psi has a symbol of:
ASTM steel with yield stress of 36000 psi has a symbol of:
Signup and view all the answers
The thickness of one-way slab should never be less than:
The thickness of one-way slab should never be less than:
Signup and view all the answers
Slabs not exposed to weather and not in contact with the ground must have a minimum clear cover of:
Slabs not exposed to weather and not in contact with the ground must have a minimum clear cover of:
Signup and view all the answers
The Coarse Aggregates in concrete must be larger than but not to exceed nominal size prescribed in Section 403.4.2 of NSCP:
The Coarse Aggregates in concrete must be larger than but not to exceed nominal size prescribed in Section 403.4.2 of NSCP:
Signup and view all the answers
The strength of concrete at 28th day is 3000 psi. This value is the same as:
The strength of concrete at 28th day is 3000 psi. This value is the same as:
Signup and view all the answers
Grade 60 Steel-Reinforcement has a yield stress of 275.8 MPa. This stress is the same as:
Grade 60 Steel-Reinforcement has a yield stress of 275.8 MPa. This stress is the same as:
Signup and view all the answers
Shear and Torsion strength reduction factor Ø, is:
Shear and Torsion strength reduction factor Ø, is:
Signup and view all the answers
ASTM Type I Cement is generally for:
ASTM Type I Cement is generally for:
Signup and view all the answers
No.8 deformed bar has a diameter of:
No.8 deformed bar has a diameter of:
Signup and view all the answers
Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth must a minimum concrete cover of:
Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth must a minimum concrete cover of:
Signup and view all the answers
Lap splices for uncoated deformed bar or wire must not be less than the larger of 48db and___.
Lap splices for uncoated deformed bar or wire must not be less than the larger of 48db and___.
Signup and view all the answers
Deformed bars larger than ___ mm should not be bundled.
Deformed bars larger than ___ mm should not be bundled.
Signup and view all the answers
The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db but not less than ___:
The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db but not less than ___:
Signup and view all the answers
The maximum number of reinforcement for bundled bars is:
The maximum number of reinforcement for bundled bars is:
Signup and view all the answers
A simply supported beam, L meters long, carrying a uniformly distributed load of w (N/m) throughout the span, has a maximum moment of:
A simply supported beam, L meters long, carrying a uniformly distributed load of w (N/m) throughout the span, has a maximum moment of:
Signup and view all the answers
Minimum length of Class A lap for tension Lap Splices shall be ___, but not less than 300 mm:
Minimum length of Class A lap for tension Lap Splices shall be ___, but not less than 300 mm:
Signup and view all the answers
Type of welding used to fuse metal studs or similar parts to other steel parts by the heat of an electric arc. At the end of the welded part the stud is equipped with a ceramic ferrule, which contains flux which also partly shields the weld when molten.
Type of welding used to fuse metal studs or similar parts to other steel parts by the heat of an electric arc. At the end of the welded part the stud is equipped with a ceramic ferrule, which contains flux which also partly shields the weld when molten.
Signup and view all the answers
Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete on beams if pouring cannot be done in one setting?
Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete on beams if pouring cannot be done in one setting?
Signup and view all the answers
What do you call 2 or more materials that are combined together?
What do you call 2 or more materials that are combined together?
Signup and view all the answers
What forces does a Curtain Wall resist?
What forces does a Curtain Wall resist?
Signup and view all the answers
Web reinforcements that resist vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam and hold the main rebars in place.
Web reinforcements that resist vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam and hold the main rebars in place.
Signup and view all the answers
Will most likely fail due to buckling.
Will most likely fail due to buckling.
Signup and view all the answers
Distance measured from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, is:
Distance measured from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, is:
Signup and view all the answers
Loop of reinforcing bars or wires enclosing longitudinal reinforcement in tied columns.
Loop of reinforcing bars or wires enclosing longitudinal reinforcement in tied columns.
Signup and view all the answers
Element, usually vertical, used to enclose or separate spaces and also at times, serve as structural member.
Element, usually vertical, used to enclose or separate spaces and also at times, serve as structural member.
Signup and view all the answers
The Occupancy Importance Factor, Ip, is 1.0 except for the Hazardous Facilities and Essential Facilities, which is:
The Occupancy Importance Factor, Ip, is 1.0 except for the Hazardous Facilities and Essential Facilities, which is:
Signup and view all the answers
Inert material that is mixed with hydraulic cement and water to produce concrete.
Inert material that is mixed with hydraulic cement and water to produce concrete.
Signup and view all the answers
In spirally reinforced concrete column, the clear spacing between spirals (pitch) shall not be larger than 75mm and shall not be less than:
In spirally reinforced concrete column, the clear spacing between spirals (pitch) shall not be larger than 75mm and shall not be less than:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the method of introducing a jacking force in which tendons are tensioned after the concrete has hardened enough to sustain this temporary force?
What is the method of introducing a jacking force in which tendons are tensioned after the concrete has hardened enough to sustain this temporary force?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the weight in kilogram of a 1-meter long No.4 deformed bar?
What is the weight in kilogram of a 1-meter long No.4 deformed bar?
Signup and view all the answers
The intensity of force per unit area is called:
The intensity of force per unit area is called:
Signup and view all the answers
This refers to the length of reinforcement or mechanical anchor or hook or combination thereof beyond point of zero stress in reinforcement.
This refers to the length of reinforcement or mechanical anchor or hook or combination thereof beyond point of zero stress in reinforcement.
Signup and view all the answers
It is a 3-second gust speed at 10 meters above the ground in Exposure C and associated with an annual probability of 0.02 of being equaled or exceeded (50 year mean recurrence interval).
It is a 3-second gust speed at 10 meters above the ground in Exposure C and associated with an annual probability of 0.02 of being equaled or exceeded (50 year mean recurrence interval).
Signup and view all the answers
It is defined as displacement of one level relative to the level above or below it.
It is defined as displacement of one level relative to the level above or below it.
Signup and view all the answers
Splices of deformed bars shall be staggered at least ____ and in such a manner as to develop at every section at least twice the calculated tensile force at that section but not less than 140 MPa for total area of reinforcement provided.
Splices of deformed bars shall be staggered at least ____ and in such a manner as to develop at every section at least twice the calculated tensile force at that section but not less than 140 MPa for total area of reinforcement provided.
Signup and view all the answers
It is a continuous reinforcing bar having a seismic hook at one end and a hook of not less than 90 degrees with at least a six-diameter extension at the other end. The hook shall engage peripheral longitudinal bars. The 90-degree hooks of two successive ties of this type, engaging longitudinal bars shall be alternated end for end.
It is a continuous reinforcing bar having a seismic hook at one end and a hook of not less than 90 degrees with at least a six-diameter extension at the other end. The hook shall engage peripheral longitudinal bars. The 90-degree hooks of two successive ties of this type, engaging longitudinal bars shall be alternated end for end.
Signup and view all the answers
The minimum thickness required by Code for a solid Cantilevered Slab shall be the larger of 75mm and:
The minimum thickness required by Code for a solid Cantilevered Slab shall be the larger of 75mm and:
Signup and view all the answers
It is a permanent roofed structure attached to and supported by the building and projecting over public right-of-way.
It is a permanent roofed structure attached to and supported by the building and projecting over public right-of-way.
Signup and view all the answers
For non-prestressed concrete the minimum concrete cover for beams and columns not exposed to weather and not in contact with the earth is:
For non-prestressed concrete the minimum concrete cover for beams and columns not exposed to weather and not in contact with the earth is:
Signup and view all the answers
The minimum tie or hoop diameter for bundled bars is:
The minimum tie or hoop diameter for bundled bars is:
Signup and view all the answers
For cast-in-place construction, size (diameter) of spirals shall not be less than ___ for 16mm through 32mm longitudinal bars.
For cast-in-place construction, size (diameter) of spirals shall not be less than ___ for 16mm through 32mm longitudinal bars.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Structural Design Concerns
- Tension steel capacity exceeding combined compression capacity in concrete and steel leads to risk of collapse.
- Sudden failure is a concern in structures requiring additional safety, like surgical and emergency treatment areas.
- Lateral displacement walls are designed to counter soil movement, essential for maintaining structural integrity.
Materials and Construction Techniques
- Artificial stone consists of a mix of hydraulic cement, aggregates, and water, which may include admixtures for enhanced properties.
- Expansion joints, usually made with cork or recycled fiber, separate new concrete from existing slabs, preventing cracking.
- Reinforcement bars are vital in providing necessary strength in concrete beams and slabs, securing structural reliability.
Tension and Compression
- The capacity of materials in tension, portrayed as the ability to stretch without failure, must be balanced against compression limits.
- Columns with heavy loading can experience significant bending or buckling, leading to structural weakness.
Engineering Principles
- Effective design incorporates factors like shear, axial forces, and lateral stiffness measurements to ensure safety and stability.
- Construction methods, such as prestressing, involve preloading to enhance structural performance before concrete curing.
Building Regulations and Measurements
- Compliance with codes requires minimum sizes for slab reinforcement and specified concrete covers for durability.
- Critical dimensions are essential, including the depth-to-span ratio for beams and maximum spacing for spirals in structural concrete.
Seismic considerations
- Structures must be designed to withstand lateral forces from seismic activity to ensure safety during earthquakes.
- The occupancy importance factor differentiates between standard buildings and essential facilities needing higher safety standards.
Concrete Properties
- Fresh concrete is tested for slump, indicating workability and consistency in application.
- Coarse aggregates must fit nominal size specifications to ensure proper concrete mixture characteristics.
Structural Reinforcements
- Stirrups provide additional support by resisting vertical and diagonal tensions within a beam.
- Web reinforcements are crucial for preventing injuries to main rebars, enhancing overall structural integrity.
Load and Stress Analysis
- The maximum moment in a simply supported beam under a uniform load is calculated using span length and distributed load values.
- Stress analyses must account for temperature-induced deformations and the impacts of long-term load on material integrity.
Fastening Methods
- Crucial connections in constructed elements, like plate girders, rely on skilled welding techniques under controlled conditions.
- Mechanical anchoring is used to enhance the reinforcement's effectiveness at critical stress points.
General Knowledge
- Understanding of inert materials, hydration effects, and the relevance of materials science is essential for effective construction practices.
- Familiarity with specific ASTM standards, yield stress indicators, and reinforcement types is vital in structural engineering disciplines.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
