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Questions and Answers

What type of anticoagulant is contained in the grey sample tube?

  • K2 EDTA
  • Potassium oxalate (correct)
  • Heparin
  • Sodium citrate

How many times should tubes containing anticoagulants be inverted to ensure proper mixing?

  • 5-6 times
  • 10 times
  • 8 times (correct)
  • 3-4 times

What is the proper action to take when disposing of a needle?

  • Fill the container to the top before sealing.
  • Always dispose of the needle tip first. (correct)
  • Remove the needle from the sharps container if it's stuck.
  • Place the needle horizontally in the container.

Which of the following specimens must remain cool and should be placed in an ice-water mixture?

<p>Lactic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to establish a chain of custody for a sample?

<p>Patient must sign a consent form. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with personal information before disposal?

<p>Shred paper documents and black out labels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test would a grey tube typically be used for?

<p>Glucose testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should documentation containing sensitive patient information be handled?

<p>Verify authorization before sharing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason blood culture specimens should not be refrigerated?

<p>It may enhance the growth of bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended volume of blood to collect from a patient aged 6 years or older?

<p>10ml (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of container should be used for Ova and Parasite (O&P) specimen collection?

<p>A container with SAF preservative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided to prevent contamination during stool collection?

<p>Mixing stool with water from the toilet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action to take if a patient requires blood culture sampling during a temperature spike?

<p>Collect two sets 20 minutes apart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these substances should be avoided before Ova and Parasite collection?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key step when mixing a stool specimen with SAF preservative?

<p>Shake vigorously until thoroughly mixed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of contaminating stool with urine during collection?

<p>It can destroy the trophozoites. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for labeling the blood culture bottles?

<p>Label with 'Aerobic' for one bottle and 'Anaerobic' for the other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if blood does not flow into the culture bottle during venipuncture?

<p>Immediately remove the culture broth container and needle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bruising can occur due to the application of a tourniquet?

<p>Petechiae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the tourniquet be removed during the blood collection process?

<p>Before removing the last tube. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the needle after completing the blood collection?

<p>Dispose of it in a sharps container. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the cotton ball or bandaid be applied after withdrawing the needle?

<p>Apply pressure until bleeding stops. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step should be taken for the blood culture collection after cleaning the site?

<p>Do not touch the site once cleaned. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of hemolysis during blood collection?

<p>Altered potassium test results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plasma Collection

Collection of blood plasma, a component of blood without the cells.

Centrifugation Time

Sitting upright for 60 minutes and spinning at 3000-3500 RPM for 15 minutes for plasma separation.

Anticoagulants (EDTA)

A chemical that prevents blood clotting during collection.

Inversion Count (Plasma)

Plasma sample require 8 inversions for proper mixture with anticoagulant.

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Sample Requisition Matching

Ensuring patient information and requested tests on the requisition match the collected sample

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Chain of Custody (COC)

A system of accountability establishing and tracking the movement of samples from collection to analysis, protecting patient privacy.

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Sample Handling

Proper techniques for handling samples preserving their integrity, such as keeping chilled samples cool or light-sensitive samples shaded.

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Needle Disposal

Disposable sharp containers, needles are safely disposed tip first to avoid needle-stick injuries.

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Blood Culture Procedure

A method for collecting blood samples to identify bacteria or other pathogens in the blood.

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Tourniquet Removal (Blood Collection)

The tourniquet should be removed before the last tube or needle is removed to prevent hemocentration or petechiae.

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Hemoconcentration

An increase in the ratio of blood cells to plasma, potentially altering test results.

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Hemolysis

The rupture of red blood cells, causing plasma to become red and potentially affecting analysis.

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Venipuncture Angle

The needle should be withdrawn at the same angle it was inserted to minimize complications.

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Sharps Container Disposal

Used needles are to be disposed of in a sharps container to prevent injury.

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Blood Culture Bottle Prep

Special bottles for blood cultures must be cleaned with alcohol or be iodiner-free.

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Tube Labeling

Tubes should accurately label with the patient and sample. Specific details can be required in tube labels for certain procedures.

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Blood Culture Refrigeration

Blood culture specimens should not be refrigerated.

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Blood Culture Sets

Blood cultures are collected in two sets, 20 minutes apart, to capture bacterial spikes during replication.

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Ova and Parasite (O&P) Preservative

O&P specimens use a preservative (SAF) to prevent parasite disintegration.

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O&P Specimen Collection

Collect fecal specimens in a clean, dry container, avoiding urine and water.

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O&P Specimen Preparation

Mix fecal specimens with SAF preservative, place a small portion from the middle and ends in the container, then shake vigorously.

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Pre-O&P Medication Restrictions

Avoid laxatives, antidiarrheals containing specific ingredients (castor oil, mineral oil, bismuth, magnesium) and antibiotics 5-7 days prior to O&P collection.

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Blood Culture Bottle Sizes

Blood culture bottles are available in pediatric (20ml for <6 years) and adult (50ml for ≥6 years) sizes.

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Fecal Occult Blood (FOB)

A test commonly used to screen for colorectal cancer.

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Study Notes

Standard of Practice

  • Lab Director: Oversees scientific and technical lab operations, including test supervision and result reporting.
  • Lab Supervisor: Supervises lab personnel, performs tests requiring special skills under the director's supervision.
  • Lab Technologist: Performs tests requiring independent judgment under general supervision.
  • Lab Technician: Performs tests requiring limited technical skill and responsibilities under direct supervision.

RHPA (Regulated Health Professions Act of 1991)

  • Ontario law regulating 29 distinct professions.
  • Regulates over 300,000 healthcare professionals in Ontario.
  • Medical Laboratory Technicians (MLTs) are regulated under the RHPA. Medical Laboratory Assistants/Technicians (MLA/Ts) are not.

Ontario Regulation 682

  • Defines a lab technician as a person who under direct supervision performs lab tests requiring limited technical skill and responsibilities.

Ontario Regulation 860

  • Includes WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) regulations for all workplaces covered by OHSA.
  • The Ministry of Labour is responsible for both federal and provincial WHMIS legislation.

PIPEDA (Personal Health Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act)

  • Applies to private sector businesses handling personal information.

PHIPA (Personal Health Information Protection Act)

  • Patient-specific health information must be protected.
  • Sharing permitted only with implied consent, express consent, or by a substitute decision-maker.
  • Defines capacity to consent to treatment.
  • People with mental capacity have the right to consent to or refuse treatment.

Mental Capacity

  • Defined as the ability to make decisions about treatment, admission to, or confinement in a care facility or personal assistance service, and appreciating the consequences.
  • People are presumed capable unless there are reasonable grounds to believe otherwise.

Expectations of Medical Laboratory Assistants/ Technicians

  • Cooperate with team members for effective patient care.
  • Protect patient confidentiality.
  • Know the laws and regulations governing medical laboratory technology.
  • Practice within scope of competence.

Examination of Human Specimens

  • Specimens may be examined at the request of a legally qualified medical practitioner, dentist, midwife, insurer, or agent for testing specified in the insurance act, registered nurse with extended certificate of registration under the nursing act, or a person in a provincial colorectal cancer screening program.

Duties of Lab Technicians

  • Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care procedures manual outlines specific duties not requiring independent judgment.
  • These tasks often include sample procurement, preparation, reagent and media preparation, and equipment operation.

Mental Capacity (con't)

  • Includes the ability to understand the treatment, admission to or confinement in a care facility or a personal assistance service, and its consequences.

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