Enzymes

Catalysts are mostly proteins and they are:-

1. Efficient- work at body temperature in aqueous solution, near neutral pH. It can increase the rate of reaction by a factor of up to 1020.
2. Specific- each enzyme has a limited range of substrates, some can distinguish stereoisomers
3. Potent- each enzyme molecule can convert many substrate molecules into product per second

Enzymes speed up the rate at which a reaction reaches equilibrium 1) Bind and stabilize the transition state 2) Reduce activation energy by providing an alternative reaction pathway

Isoforms of enzymes - catalyze the same reaction but have different properties and structure

<p>Protein kinases are molecules that facilitate phosphorylation reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metal ions required for enzymatic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic molecules required for enzymatic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tightly bound coenzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>enzyme without cofactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme with cofactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substrate binds to an active site which is a cleft or crevice. It contains amino acids essential for catalytic activity and amino acids for highly specific interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active site of unbound enzyme is complementary to the shape of the substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding of a substrate induces a conformational change in the enzyme and it results in a complementary fit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Each enzyme will have an optimum - at either side of the optimum, enzyme activity will decrease</li> <li>Active site can be altered by extreme temperature/pH</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers