D-Glucose: Importance and Properties

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the average molecular weight of cellulose?

106 g/mol

350,000 g/mol

2,200 g/mol

400,000 g/mol (correct)

How many glucose units are typically present in a cellulose molecule?

400,000 glucose units

106 glucose units

2,200 glucose units (correct)

24-30 glucose units

What type of glycosidic bonds are present in amylopectin?

α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic bonds (correct)

β-1,4 glycosidic bonds

β-1,6 glycosidic bonds

α-1,4 glycosidic bonds

What is the total amount of glycogen in the body of a well-nourished adult human?

350 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycogen in animals?

Energy storage Signup and view all the answers

Why is cellulose insoluble in water?

The cellulose molecules form numerous intermolecular hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of D-glucose in the human body?

To act as a primary source of energy for cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about D-galactose is true?

It is a component of the disaccharide lactose Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of glucose concentration in human blood?

70-100 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

How does the glucose concentration in blood change after eating a meal?

It increases in the first hour and then decreases over the next 2-3 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between D-glucose and D-galactose?

They are epimers (diastereomers) differing in one chiral center Signup and view all the answers

Why is D-galactose sometimes called 'brain sugar'?

It is a component of glycoproteins found in brain and nerve tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cyclic hemiacetals?

They are planar structures with all substituents in the same plane as the ring. Signup and view all the answers

In carbohydrate chemistry, what does the term 'pyranose' refer to?

A six-membered cyclic hemiacetal ring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the configuration of the anomeric carbon in the β-anomer of a cyclic hemiacetal?

The -OH group on the anomeric carbon is on the same side of the ring as the terminal -CH2OH. Signup and view all the answers

Which carbon is considered the anomeric carbon in an aldopentose?

C-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of representing cyclic hemiacetals as Haworth projections?

To clearly represent the substituents above and below the plane of the ring. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about anomers is correct?

Anomers are stereoisomers that differ in configuration only at the anomeric carbon. Signup and view all the answers

What type of compound are glycosides hydrolyzed to in aqueous acid?

An alcohol and a monosaccharide Signup and view all the answers

How are glycosides named?

By listing the alkyl or aryl group followed by the carbohydrate name with '-ide' suffix Signup and view all the answers

Which reagents can reduce the carbonyl group of a monosaccharide to an alcohol?

NaBH4 and H2/Pt Signup and view all the answers

What are the reduction products of monosaccharides called?

Alditols Signup and view all the answers

How are alditols named?

By changing the '-ose' suffix of the parent monosaccharide to '-itol' Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about aldonic acids is true?

They are formed by oxidation of the aldehyde group of an aldose under basic conditions Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond joins the D-glucose units in cellulose?

$\beta$-1,4-glycosidic bonds Signup and view all the answers

Why can't humans digest cellulose?

Humans lack $\beta$-glucosidases Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms can digest cellulose?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What type of polysaccharides do humans use as glucose sources?

Starch and glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a connective tissue?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the best known biological function of heparin?

Anticoagulant activity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is an acetylated derivative of D-glucosamine.
Cyclic hemiacetals form when aldehydes/ketones react with alcohols, creating a five- or six-membered ring.
D-Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide in nature, essential in human nutrition, with a sweet taste.
Glucose is a primary energy source for cells; blood glucose concentration ranges from 70-100 mg/dL.
D-Galactose, an epimer of D-glucose, is crucial for lactose synthesis and found in brain glycoproteins.
Polysaccharides like amylopectin (branched D-glucose), glycogen, and cellulose (linear D-glucose) serve energy/storage roles.
Alditols are reduction products of monosaccharides, e.g., sorbitol, used as sugar substitutes for diabetics.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Learn about the significance of D-glucose in nature, its nutritional importance for humans, and its different properties. Understand the differences between D-glucose and L-glucose, and discover its various names and normal concentration in human blood.