D and F Block Elements Quiz
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following represents the general electronic configuration for D-block elements?

  • (n−1)d1−10 ns1−2 (correct)
  • ns2(n−1)d1−10
  • ns1−2 np1−6
  • (n+1)p1−6

    • Which series does the electronic configuration 4d1-10 5s0-2 belong to?

  • 3d series
  • 5d series
  • 4d series (correct)
  • 6d series

    • What group number do D-block elements span in the periodic table?

  • 1 to 10
  • 13 to 18
  • 2 to 15
  • 3 to 12 (correct)

    • Which of the following is correctly paired with its corresponding series?

    <p>4d series - Y to Cd (B), 3d series - Sc to Zn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electron configuration is associated with the element Iron (Fe)?

    <p>3d6 4s2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the d subshell?

    <p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the D-block elements?

    <p>Calcium (Ca) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the electronic configuration 6d1 7s2?

    <p>Mt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common oxidation state for actinides from Ac to Lr?

    <p>+3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which actinide has a common oxidation state of +4?

    <p>Th (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in ionic sizes of actinides as you move from left to right in the periodic table?

    <p>They decrease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common property do all actinides share?

    <p>Silvery white appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about actinides is true?

    <p>They are all paramagnetic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oxidation state is common for actinides from U to Am?

    <p>+6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to actinides when they react with boiling water?

    <p>They form a mixture of oxides and hydrides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is commonly used as an oxidizing agent?

    <p>MnO4- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the electronic configuration of Copper (Cu)?

    <p>It is represented as [Ar] 4s13d10. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is classified as a pseudo-transition element?

    <p>Zinc (Zn) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For an element to qualify as a transition element, it must have what characteristic?

    <p>An incompletely filled d-orbital in some oxidation states. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the physical properties of transition metals?

    <p>They often possess high thermal and electrical conductivity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Silver (Ag) considered a transition element despite having a completely filled 4d orbital?

    <p>It has an incomplete d-orbital in its +2 oxidation state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following transition elements exhibits half-filled stability in its electronic configuration?

    <p>Chromium (Cr) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transition metals generally have higher melting and boiling points than which other elements?

    <p>Pseudo-transition elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend is observed in transition elements regarding the number of valence electrons?

    <p>Increased valence electrons strengthen metallic bonding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    D-Block Elements

    Elements in Groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table, characterized by filling of d-orbitals in the penultimate shell.

    General Electronic Configuration of D-Block Elements

    The general electron configuration of d-block elements, where (n-1) represents the penultimate shell and n represents the outermost shell.

    Filling of D-Orbitals

    The filling of d-orbitals in d-block elements occurs with the increase in atomic number, resulting in a gradual variation of properties like ionization enthalpy and atomic size.

    Reactivity of D-Block Elements

    The presence of a d-orbital in the penultimate shell makes d-block elements more reactive and prone to forming colored compounds compared to s-block elements.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Variable Oxidation States in D-Block Elements

    The variable oxidation states displayed by d-block elements stem from the ability of their d-electrons to participate in bonding and form different oxidation states.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Complex Formation in D-Block Elements

    D-block elements often form complex compounds due to their ability to accept lone pairs from ligands, forming coordinate covalent bonds.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Color In D-Block Compounds

    The incomplete d-orbital configuration in most d-block elements allows for strong electrostatic interactions with light, resulting in colored compounds.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Catalytic Activity of D-Block Elements

    The catalytic properties of d-block elements arise from their ability to form intermediates and change their oxidation states during reactions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Exceptional Electronic Configurations

    Elements like Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) have unusual electron configurations to achieve half-filled or fully filled d orbitals for greater stability.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What are Transition Elements?

    Transition elements have partially filled d-orbitals in their ground state or common oxidation state.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What are Pseudo-Transition Elements?

    Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), and Mercury (Hg) are called pseudo-transition elements because their d-orbitals are completely filled in both their ground state and common oxidation states.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Why is Silver a Transition Element?

    Silver (Ag) has a completely filled 4d10 orbital in its ground state but exhibits two oxidation states (+1 and +2). In the +2 state, its 4d orbital becomes incomplete, fulfilling the criteria for a transition element.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Metallic Properties of Transition Elements

    Transition elements generally exhibit metallic properties like high tensile strength, ductility, malleability, good conductivity, and luster. Exceptions include Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury, and Manganese, which may have different properties.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Melting and Boiling Points of Transition Elements

    Transition elements typically have high melting and boiling points due to strong metallic bonding. This is because they have a high number of valence electrons involved in bonding.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Metallic Bonding and Valence Electrons

    The greater the number of valence electrons in a transition element, the stronger the metallic bonding, leading to increased hardness and lower volatility.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What are Actinides?

    Actinides are elements in the f-block, from Actinium (Ac) to Lawrencium (Lr), with atomic numbers 89 to 103. They are characterized by filling of the 5f orbitals.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is the common oxidation state of Actinides?

    The most common oxidation state of Actinides is +3, except for Thorium (Th), which has a common oxidation state of +4.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is Actinoid Contraction?

    The size of Actinide atoms decreases from left to right across the periodic table due to an increase in effective nuclear charge (Zeff). This phenomenon is known as Actinoid contraction.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What are the general properties of Actinides?

    Actinides are paramagnetic, meaning they have unpaired electrons and are attracted to magnetic fields. They are also silvery-white in appearance, but their structures are irregular.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What are Transuranic Elements?

    Most Actinides are radioactive, with all elements from Uranium (U) onwards classified as transuranic elements. This means they have an atomic number greater than 92 and are not found naturally.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    How do Actinides react with other elements?

    Actinides are reactive with non-metals at moderate temperatures and with HCl. However, their reactions with HNO3 are limited due to oxide layer formation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    How are the magnetic properties of Actinides compared to Lanthanides?

    The magnetic properties of Actinides are more complex than those of Lanthanides. Compounds or ions of Actinides tend to be colored due to charge transfer and f-f transitions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    How do Actinides react with water?

    Actinides react with boiling water to form a mixture of oxides and hydrides.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    D and F Block Elements

    • D and F block elements comprise groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table.
    • D block elements are also known as transition metals.
    • F block elements comprise the lanthanides and actinides.
    • Transition elements exhibit variable oxidation states.
    • Some transition elements exhibit exceptional electronic configurations to achieve half-filled or fully-filled subshells.
    • Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) are examples of elements with such exceptions.
    • Transition metals have high melting, boiling points, and high tensile strength.
    • Many transition metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
    • Transition elements form a large number of complex compounds due to their ability to adopt multiple oxidation states and form complexes.
    • These properties make them useful in catalysis and various industrial applications.

    Oxidation States of Transition Metals

    • Transition metals exhibit a variety of oxidation states.
    • The oxidation state depends on the electronic configuration and the nature of the ligands.
    • Manganese (Mn) shows the maximum number of oxidation states, ranging from +2 to +7.
    • Some elements, like Scandium (Sc), have only a single oxidation state.
    • Lower oxidation states are more prevalent in complex compounds with π-acceptor ligands.

    Formation of Coloured Ions

    • Coloured ions form when electrons in lower energy d orbitals are excited to higher energy d orbitals.
    • The energy corresponds to the frequency and wavelength of light absorbed in the visible region.
    • The colour observed is the complementary colour to the absorbed light.
    • Transition metals are responsible for the colours in many compounds due to d-d transitions.
    • Metal-to-metal charge transfer also contributes to coloration.

    Catalytic Properties of Transition Metals

    • Transition metals are excellent catalysts due to their ability to change oxidation states by adopting multiple oxidation states and forming complexes.
    • This flexibility helps in facilitating reactions by acting as intermediates.
    • Many important industrial processes utilize transition metal catalysts.
    • Examples include the Haber-Bosch process and the synthesis of various chemicals.

    Magnetic Properties

    • Transition metal compounds can exhibit diamagnetism or paramagnetism.
    • Diamagnetism occurs when there are no unpaired electrons.
    • Paramagnetism occurs when there are unpaired electrons.
    • Magnetic properties are directly related to the number of unpaired electrons.

    Important Compounds of Transition Metals

    • Common transition metal compounds include oxides, oxoanions and their complex compounds, like potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and chromyl chloride.
    • These compounds are important in various industrial applications including catalysis, oxidation and reduction reactions, and in industrial processes.

    Alloy Formation

    • Alloys are mixtures of metals.
    • Transition metals form alloys readily due to their similar atomic radii and bonding characteristics.
    • Examples of important alloys include brass, bronze, and stainless steel.
    • Alloys display a variety of desirable properties such as strength, durability, and corrosion resistance.

    Lanthanides (Ln)

    • The lanthanides are a group of 14 elements, from atomic number 57 to 71.
    • They exhibit similar chemical properties and exhibit mostly +3 oxidation states.
    • These are known for their strong metallic bonding
    • Many lanthanides are used in alloys, magnets, and specialized lighting.

    Actinides

    • The actinides are a group of 14 elements, from atomic number 89 to 103
    • They are radioactive and exhibit variable oxidation states.
    • Many actinides are important in nuclear applications, such as nuclear reactors and weapons.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Class 12 D and F Block Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of D and F block elements, including transition metals and their unique properties. This quiz covers oxidation states, electronic configurations, and applications of these elements in various industries. Perfect for students studying chemistry and the periodic table.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser