2PA3 Midterm 2 Study Guide

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What are the two types of organizations?

Societal organization and cultural organization
Social organization and political organization (correct)
Formal organization and Relational organization
None of the above

When a society is divided into social units (groups) and within those social units are recognized social positions (status) with appropriate behaviours for these positions (roles) are referred too :

political organization
community organization
social organization (correct)
All of the above

What is political organization?

Societies informal and formal institutions that regulate a population's collective acts (correct)
Societies made up of leaders
Societies that have laws and punishments
B and C

What are the main tenets of middle-level theory?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Analogy is noting similarities between two entities and making inferences

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Matching definitions between analogy – formal – relational

Analogy = Noting similarities between two entities and making inferences Formal analogy = Broad observations, comparisons, and generalizations Relational analogy = Operates within a specific historical or cultural context Blank 1 = Blank 1 Signup and view all the answers

Match the Case study to the type of analogy

Formal analogy = Case study of Hudson-Meng Bison Bonebed where crania of buffalo was missing. Relational analogy = High consumption of fish found in Japan through analyzing lipid residues on ceramics. Blank 1 = Blank 1 Blank 2 = Blank 2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms to their defintions

Sex = biological differences between males and females found in the pelvis and cranium Age = can be identified based on standards and comparative collections Diet = ancient diets can be reconstructed using skeletal and dental remains DNA = consist of two twisted, paired strands made up of four nucleotide bases (Adenine–Thymine; Cytosine–Guanine) that pair together Signup and view all the answers

Matching : How can anthropologists identify the following biological traits

Sex = traits found in the pelvis and cranium Age = The epiphyses Diet = cavities and wear on teeth Palaeopathology = Signs of anemia found through small holes in the skull Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of DNA?

Nuclear DNA and Mitochondrial DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

DNA from a long bone fragment estimated to belong to a 13 year old due to cortical thickness is from what Case study?

Denisova Cave (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happened in Neolithic Ireland ?

Two adult males who are 5th degree relatives buried in two iconic tombs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Sex and Gender?

Gender = Culturally constructed ideas of sex differences Sex = Biological differences between males and females blank 1 = blank 1 blank 2 = blank 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between gender roles and ideology?

Gender roles = Culturally prescribed behaviours for different members of society Gender ideology = Culturally prescribed values assigned to both task and status of men and women blank 1 = blank 1 blank 2 = blank 2 Signup and view all the answers

What happened in the BaMbuti Hunting Case study?

When men were close women would work in the fields, when they were far away and not needed they would participate in net hunts (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the term to the definition

Kinship = Social network of relationships where one is related to one another through ties of marriage or descent Descent = Can be traced by patrilineal, matrilineal, or bilateral ties blank 1 = blank 1 blank 2 = blank 2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the definitions to the terms

Patrilocal residence = wife lives in the groom’s village Matrilocal residence = groom lives in the wife’s village Bilocal residence = married couple may live in either the village of the groom or brides blank 1 = blank 1 Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Chaco Canyon burials show greater morphological variation among females than males ?

A and B (D) Signup and view all the answers

Equal or ranked (hierarchical) societies that exist on a spectrum are best described as :

Egalitarian society (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms

Status = the rights, duties, privileges, powers, liabilities, and immunities that accrue to a recognised and named social position Social Organisation = society is divided into social units, within those social units are recognized social positions, with appropriate behaviours for these positions Political Organisation = societies informal and formal institutions that regulate a populations collective acts blank 1 = blank 1 Signup and view all the answers

What case study was an example of social organization?

Moundville (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the case study to its description

Chaco Canyon = burials show greater morphological variation among females than males BaMbuti Hunting = groups hunting techniques relies on women's activities Moundville = population segregated into different social classed based on analysis of burials and grave goods Obsidian Fingerpainting = tracking of trade networks Signup and view all the answers

What makes lithics so special is their durability and ability to reconstruct human behaviour at multiple spatial and temporal scales.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the different way/s Lithics can reconstruct human behaviour?

Technique, Style, Diet, Migration and Cognition (A) Signup and view all the answers

Lithic raw materials are the rocks used for stone tools.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of Lithic Technologies?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms to their descriptions

Prepared Core Technology = removal of flakes from a core to obtain a single large flake from one face Blade & Hafting Technology = standardized manufacturing technique to obtain long and thing parallel flakes known as blades Core = is the rock that is struck Flake = is the piece that is removed Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms

Function = Identifying function allows us to reconstruct the activities which stone tools were used for Migration = Spatial distributions of characteristics stone tool technologies can be used to reconstruct migrations Cognition = Traditions arise from the pressures inherent in living in a socially tight-knit group blank = blank Signup and view all the answers

Identifying wear patterns from grinding meats or grains is a type of :

Function (B) Signup and view all the answers

Hypothesis that links archaeological observations with the human behavior or natural processes that produced them is called High Level Theory

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the definitions

Experimental Archaeology = refers to controlled experiments designed to determine the archaeological correlations of past behaviour Ethnoarchaeology = refers to the study of contemporary peoples to determine how human behaviour is translated into the archaeological record blank 1 = blank 1 blank 2 = blank 2 Signup and view all the answers

What did Bordes argue vs Binford in their Case study?

Bordes = argued different Mousterian lithic assemblages were products of Neanderthal cultures Binford = argued that the different assemblages were by products of different activities blank 1 = blank 1 blank 2 = blank 2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the settlement type to its display of trash disposal in the Case Study of the Mikea

Permanent villages = People dispose of their garbage by digging pits next to their houses or dispose of it beyond the outskirts Foraging camps = People toss their garbage 1-2 metres away from the hearth and burning it Forest/seasonal hamlets = People toss their garbage in an arc 3-9 metres in front of the house door blank 1 = blank 1 Signup and view all the answers

The Mikea trash disposal case study is not an accurate representation of what they were thinking 200 years ago

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can we learn from modern non-industrial societies?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does ceramics provide a powerful way to reconstruct human behaviour at multiple spatial and temporal scales?

All the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the definitions to their terms pertaining to the study of Ceramics

Style = Distributions through time and space Diet = Used for storing purposes Migration = Outward embodiment of culture - Someone may not carry their pot across the world, but it reflects their culture blank 1 = blank 1 Signup and view all the answers

Match the definition to its term

Ceramic vessels = Used to store things Ceramic urns = To hold the ashes of loved ones blank 1 = blank 1 blank 2 = blank 2 Signup and view all the answers

The steps in the production of ceramics are Tempering, Forming, Decoration, Firing .

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms to their definition

Tempering = Inclusion of non plastic ingredients added to the clay to prevent shrinkage and cracking Forming = Pinch pot, Coil and slab, Wheel-thrown - Creates things that are homogenous Decoration = Stamping, impressing Firing = Ceramic vessels can be hardened into their final form Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms to their examples

Pinch pot = Depends on shakiness of hand Coil and slab = Creates a snake look Wheel-thrown = Creates things that are homogenous blank 1 = blank 1 Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms to their definitions

Utilisation = Can be used with a multitude of ingredients that were cooked or stored inside Distribution = Sample clay deposits using different characterises and the vessels we find from our sites blank 1 = blank 1 blank 2 = blank 2 Signup and view all the answers

The technique known as X-ray fluorescence can allow archaeologists to identify the chemical composition of samples and discriminate sources is a form of what analysis?

Chemical Analysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Middle-level theory are hypothesis that links archaeological observations with the human behavior or natural processes that produced them

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Experimental Archeology refers to controlled experiments designed to determine the archaeological correlations of past behaviour

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Replicative experiments often only demonstrate that a given technique could have been used in the past

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the theories of Polish development to their descriptions

Attrition Model = Polish is produced by the wearing down and smoothing of the surface because of mechanical and/or chemical processes Additive Model = Microscopic pieces of worked material build up on the tools surface, filling in low-lying areas blank 1 = blank 1 blank 2 = blank 2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the definitions

Ethnoarchaeology = refers to the study of contemporary peoples to determine how human behaviour is translated into the archaeological record Middle-level theory = hypothesis that links archaeological observations with the human behavior or natural processes that produced them Experimental Archeology = refers to controlled experiments designed to determine the archaeological correlations of past behaviour blank 1 = blank 1 Signup and view all the answers

What case study is an example of Ethnoarchaeology?

Bordes versus Binford Case Study (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the theory/s of Polish development called?

A and B (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the four types of Settlements of the Mikea with their descriptions.

Permanent villages = Agriculture and animal husbandry Forest hamlets = Not necessary permanent - Slash and burn agriculture Seasonal Hamlets = Occupied during the growing season to tend to corn fields Foraging camps = Hunting and gathering - extensions of the hamlets Signup and view all the answers

2PA3 Midterm 2 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What are the two types of organizations?

When a society is divided into social units (groups) and within those social units are recognized social positions (status) with appropriate behaviours for these positions (roles) are referred too :

What is political organization?

What are the main tenets of middle-level theory?

Analogy is noting similarities between two entities and making inferences

Matching definitions between analogy – formal – relational

Match the Case study to the type of analogy

Match the terms to their defintions

Matching : How can anthropologists identify the following biological traits

What are the two types of DNA?

DNA from a long bone fragment estimated to belong to a 13 year old due to cortical thickness is from what Case study?

What happened in Neolithic Ireland ?

What is the difference between Sex and Gender?

What is the difference between gender roles and ideology?

What happened in the BaMbuti Hunting Case study?

Match the term to the definition

Match the definitions to the terms

Why did the Chaco Canyon burials show greater morphological variation among females than males ?

Equal or ranked (hierarchical) societies that exist on a spectrum are best described as :

Match the terms

What case study was an example of social organization?

Match the case study to its description

What makes lithics so special is their durability and ability to reconstruct human behaviour at multiple spatial and temporal scales.

What are the different way/s Lithics can reconstruct human behaviour?

Lithic raw materials are the rocks used for stone tools.

What are the types of Lithic Technologies?

Match the terms to their descriptions

Match the following terms

Identifying wear patterns from grinding meats or grains is a type of :

Hypothesis that links archaeological observations with the human behavior or natural processes that produced them is called High Level Theory

Match the definitions

What did Bordes argue vs Binford in their Case study?

Match the settlement type to its display of trash disposal in the Case Study of the Mikea

The Mikea trash disposal case study is not an accurate representation of what they were thinking 200 years ago

What can we learn from modern non-industrial societies?

How does ceramics provide a powerful way to reconstruct human behaviour at multiple spatial and temporal scales?

Match the definitions to their terms pertaining to the study of Ceramics

Match the definition to its term

The steps in the production of ceramics are Tempering, Forming, Decoration, Firing .

Match the terms to their definition

Match the terms to their examples

Match the terms to their definitions

The technique known as X-ray fluorescence can allow archaeologists to identify the chemical composition of samples and discriminate sources is a form of what analysis?

Middle-level theory are hypothesis that links archaeological observations with the human behavior or natural processes that produced them

Experimental Archeology refers to controlled experiments designed to determine the archaeological correlations of past behaviour

Replicative experiments often only demonstrate that a given technique could have been used in the past

Match the theories of Polish development to their descriptions

Match the definitions

What case study is an example of Ethnoarchaeology?

What are the theory/s of Polish development called?

Match the four types of Settlements of the Mikea with their descriptions.

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