Questions and Answers
Which category of epithelium is characterized by having multiple cell layers?
What percentage of cervical cancer cases are typically of squamous origin?
Who is known as one of the first microscopists and microbiologists?
Which term describes a specimen that is unsatisfactory for microscopic evaluation?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the standard method of specimen preparation in exfoliative cytology?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Q Papanicolaou contribute to the field of cytopathology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes an abnormal smear?
Signup and view all the answers
The development of cytology as a diagnostic discipline is primarily attributed to the work of which individual?
Signup and view all the answers
What primary factor influences the appearance of cells during cytotechnology examination?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of epithelium is characterized by a single layer of flat cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What function is NOT typically performed by epithelial tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is considered a basic component of cell structure?
Signup and view all the answers
During cytotechnology, what determines the interval between the stain and the collection of exfoliated cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of tissue is characterized by tightly cohesive sheets of cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the aggregate of cells that perform specific functions within an organism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant advantage of cytopathology compared to surgical biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two main techniques used in exfoliative cytology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about fine needle aspiration (FNA) is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a limitation of cytopathology?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is the concentration of watery and dilute body fluids important in cytopathology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which fluids are NOT typically sampled using fine needle aspiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common practice in the study of abrasive cytology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes an unsatisfactory smear?
Signup and view all the answers
In which scenario is cytopathology considered especially useful?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the defining characteristic of squamous cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What does sensitivity refer to in the context of testing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about opportunistic smears is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term validity indicate in screening tests?
Signup and view all the answers
In which scenario would a vault smear be performed?
Signup and view all the answers
What best defines exfoliative cytology?
Signup and view all the answers
What does cervical ectropion refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement correctly describes cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes the term dyskaryosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is eligible for cervical screening?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the action referred to as 'failsafe' in a cervical screening program?
Signup and view all the answers
What constitutes a false negative result in cervical testing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which high-risk HPV types are associated with significant lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of liquid-based cytology?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cyto Technology
- Involves studying human cells to detect diseases such as cancer using microscopy.
- Samples can be taken from the uterine cervix, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or body cavities.
- Individual cells reflect normal and abnormal morphology of their tissue origins.
Factors Affecting Cell Appearance
- Technique used and level of cell maturation at collection time.
- The nature of the parent tissue: soft tissue, cysts, or solid organs.
- Sample medium, time between staining and collection, and type of fixative/stain influence results.
Basic Cell Structure
- Cells are membrane-bound structures essential for life and biological function.
- An adult human consists of approximately 10-100 trillion cells.
Tissues
- Tissues are aggregates of similar cells with specific structures and functions.
- Major types include epithelial, connective, muscle, haematopoietic, and nervous tissues.
Epithelia
- Composed of tightly cohesive sheets covering internal and external surfaces.
- Classification is based on cell shape and arrangement; includes simple and stratified types.
Early Cytology Origins
- The microscope, crucial for cytology, was advanced by pioneers like Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke.
Development of Cytology
- Q Papanicolaou innovated the "Pap smear" for early uterine cancer detection and developed staining techniques.
- His work focused on the female genital tract, influencing the clinical adoption of cytology.
Key Terminologies
- Smear: Specimen spread on a slide for microscopic examination.
- Pap test: A cervical smear test named after Papanicolaou.
- Biopsy: Tissue sample removal for microscopic analysis.
- Cervical cytology: Examines cells from the cervix surface.
Cervical Neoplasia
- Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): Precancerous changes in cervical epithelium, categorized as CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3.
Diagnostic Procedures
- Liquid-based cytology: Harvested cervical cells placed in a transport solution before laboratory examination.
- LLETZ: A treatment for removing abnormal cervical tissue, using a wire electrode.
Exfoliative Cytology
- Involves examining cells shed from epithelial surfaces or collected by physical means.
- Common collection sites include the skin, urinary tract, cervix, and bodily fluids.
Advantages of Cytopathology
- Offers rapid, inexpensive diagnoses and is effective in assessing infectious diseases.
- Allows for repeated sampling without tissue injury and monitors therapy progress.
Disadvantages of Cytopathology
- Relies on individual cell observation, which can limit diagnosis accuracy.
- Final diagnosis may require confirmation through histopathological examination.
Techniques in Exfoliative Cytology
- Studies involve direct smears and concentrated materials via centrifugation or filtration.
- Concentration techniques are vital for analyzing watery and dilute body fluids.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
- A technique for acquiring cells from non-shedding organs, useful in various diagnostic scenarios.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the field of cytotechnology, focusing on the study of human cells to identify diseases such as cancer and other abnormalities. This quiz covers the examination of various samples, including those from the cervix, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Test your knowledge on cellular alterations, adaptations, and the factors influencing cellular appearance.