Cytoskeleton Overview
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Questions and Answers

What role do kinesins and dyneins play in the cell?

  • They store sugar in the form of glycogen.
  • They act as motor proteins to move organelles along microtubules. (correct)
  • They form the structural component of the centrosome.
  • They disassemble microtubules for cellular division.
  • Which of these best describes the structure of a centrosome?

  • A network of microtubules connecting the nucleus and Golgi apparatus.
  • A spherical structure containing a protein matrix and paired centrioles. (correct)
  • A cluster of ribosomes involved in protein synthesis.
  • A membrane-bound vesicle containing lipids and glycogen.
  • What is the main function of the centrosome matrix?

  • To break down cellular waste products.
  • To store glycogen for energy.
  • To seed the growth and elongation of microtubules. (correct)
  • To synthesize lipids required for the cell membrane.
  • What distinguishes the microtubules within centrioles from other microtubules in the cell?

    <p>They are stable and do not disassemble. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cytoplasmic inclusions?

    <p>They are permanent structures found in all cell types. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glycosomes in a cell?

    <p>To store sugar in the form of glycogen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lipid droplets differ from lysosomes in appearance?

    <p>Lipid droplets lack a surrounding membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in size and appearance between glycosomes and ribosomes?

    <p>Glycosomes are twice the diameter and spherical. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Synthesizing cellular proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary protein component of microfilaments?

    <p>Actin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal element is known for its high tensile strength and resistance to pulling forces?

    <p>Intermediate filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myosin in conjunction with microfilaments?

    <p>To generate contractile forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal elements are composed of tubulin?

    <p>Microtubules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cellular structure that organizes microtubules?

    <p>Centrosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the behavior of microfilaments, except in muscle cells?

    <p>Constantly breaking down and re-forming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The crawling action of a cell using extensions called pseudopods is known as:

    <p>Amoeboid motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is the cytoskeleton?

    A network of protein fibers that provides support and helps with movement within a cell.

    What are the three main types of cytoskeletal elements?

    Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

    What are microfilaments made of and what is their function?

    Thin filaments made of the protein actin, involved in cell movement and division.

    What is the role of myosin?

    Interacts with actin to create contractile forces, enabling cell movement and division.

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    What are intermediate filaments and what is their function?

    Tough, insoluble protein fibers that provide tensile strength and resist pulling forces on the cell.

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    What are microtubules and what is their function?

    Hollow tubes made of tubulin proteins, responsible for intracellular transport and maintaining cell shape.

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    What is the centrosome?

    The region near the nucleus where microtubules originate.

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    What is cytokinesis?

    The process of a single cell dividing into two.

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    What are centrioles?

    They assist in organizing the cytoskeleton and play a crucial role in cell division by forming the mitotic spindle.

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    What is a centrosome?

    It is a spherical structure in the cytoplasm near the nucleus, containing an outer cloud of protein called the centrosome matrix and an inner pair of centrioles.

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    What are kinesins and dyneins?

    These are small motor proteins that transport organelles along microtubules.

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    Why are microtubules considered dynamic?

    Microtubules are constantly growing, breaking down, and reassembling, making them adaptable to the cell's changing needs.

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    What are cytoplasmic inclusions?

    They are temporary structures in the cytoplasm that store energy, nutrients, or other materials.

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    What are lipid droplets?

    These are spherical drops of stored fat found in cells like liver cells and fat cells.

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    What are glycosomes?

    These are sugar-containing bodies that store a long branching chain of glucose, the cell's primary energy source.

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    What is glycogen?

    It is a long, branching chain of glucose molecules, the cell's main energy source.

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    Study Notes

    Cytoskeleton

    • The cytoskeleton is a network of rods within the cytosol, supporting cell structures and enabling movements.
    • It's composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
    • Microfilaments, made of actin, are the thinnest elements.
    • They are concentrated beneath the plasma membrane and interact with myosin for contraction during cell division, endocytosis, exocytosis, and pseudopod formation (amoeboid motion).
    • Actin microfilaments are unstable, constantly breaking down and reforming.
    • Intermediate filaments are tough, insoluble protein fibers, with a diameter between microfilaments and microtubules.
    • They have high tensile strength, resisting pulling forces and linking adjacent cells via desmosomes.
    • Microtubules are the largest cytoskeletal elements, hollow tubes made of tubulin.
    • Microtubules radiate from the centrosome, determining cell shape and organelle distribution.
    • Organelles, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, move along microtubules via motor proteins (kinesins and dyneins).
    • Microtubules are dynamic, constantly growing, disassembling, and reassembling.

    Centrosome and Centrioles

    • The centrosome is a non-membrane-bound structure near the nucleus, containing the centrosome matrix and a pair of centrioles.
    • The matrix of protein seeds microtubule growth.
    • Centrioles are barrel-shaped, perpendicular to each other, made of 27 microtubules arranged in nine sets of three.
    • Centrioles are stable and involved in cilia/flagella formation, and the mitotic spindle.

    Cytoplasmic Inclusions

    • Cytoplasmic inclusions are temporary structures, not permanent organelles.
    • Examples include pigments, protein crystals, and food stores.
    • Food stores, lipid droplets and glycosomes, are crucial.
    • Lipid droplets are spherical, stored fat usually lacking a membrane.
    • Glycosomes are dense, spherical granules storing glycogen.
    • Glycosomes contain enzymes for glycogen synthesis and degradation to glucose.

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    Description

    Explore the structure and function of the cytoskeleton in this quiz. You'll learn about the three main components: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, and their roles in maintaining cell shape and enabling movement. Test your understanding of how these components interact within the cell.

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