CYTOLOGY and Cell Structure

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Questions and Answers

Which region of nucleolonema contains dense granules representing maturing ribosomal subunits during assembly for export to the cytoplasm?

  • Nucleoplasm
  • Pars granulosa (correct)
  • Nucleus matrix
  • Pars fibrosa

What characterizes Pars fibrosa of nucleolonema?

  • Dense granules
  • Composed of enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins
  • Contains filamentous intracellular material
  • Consists of densely packed ribonucleic protein fibers (correct)

Which structure surrounds epithelial cells in a belt-like fashion?

  • Belt desmosomes or zonula adherens (correct)
  • Nucleolonema
  • Spot desmosomes or macula adherens
  • Pars granulosa

What is the main composition of the nucleoplasm?

<p>Enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins, metabolites, ions, and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of spot desmosomes or macula adherens?

<p>~200-400 nm in diameter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What appears second in the Pars fibrosa region of nucleolonema?

<p>Newly synthesized rRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mitochondrial matrix contain?

<p>Water, solutes, and large matrix granules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is mainly associated with the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria?

<p>Yielding CO2 and NADH along the respiratory chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of mitochondria related to energy production?

<p>Generating ATP by storing energy from cellular metabolites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?

<p>It is replicated independently of the cell cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mitochondria reproduce themselves?

<p>Using fission or budding processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are mitochondria typically located within cells?

<p>Randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)?

<p>Synthesis of complex lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) is INCORRECT?

<p>It is responsible for the synthesis of secretory proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi complex?

<p>Coordinating membrane flow and vesicle traffic among organelles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) in hepatocytes (liver cells)?

<p>Synthesis of complex lipids and drug detoxification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the release and capture of $Ca^{2+}$ ions in striated muscle cells?

<p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Golgi complex is INCORRECT?

<p>It is involved in the synthesis of secretory proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cells is correct?

<p>Cells are the structural and functional units of all living organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear envelope and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack these structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the shape of a cell?

<p>The presence or absence of a cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cellular size is correct?

<p>Cellular size can vary widely, even among cells of the same type. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

<p>They lack a nuclear envelope and histones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>To regulate the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about intermediate filaments is correct?

<p>They play a role in maintaining cell shape and epithelial cell adhesion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of intermediate filament mentioned in the text?

<p>Actin filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microtubules?

<p>Transporting molecules within the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the subunits that make up the walls of microtubules called?

<p>Tubulin heterodimers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protofilaments align parallel to one another to form the wall of a microtubule?

<p>13 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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