35 Questions
Which of the following is a risk factor for postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)?
Advanced age
Which biomarker shows consistent elevations during early and late recovery among individuals with PASC?
IL-6
Which proinflammatory cytokine is more predictive of poor outcomes such as respiratory failure and the need for mechanical ventilation during acute COVID-19?
IL-6
What is the abbreviation for interferon-γ–induced protein 10?
IP-10
Which division is the author Michael J. Peluso affiliated with?
Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine
What is the definition of PASC?
Presence of 1 or more COVID-19 symptoms after 90 days
What is the institution affiliation of the author Christos J. Petropoulos?
Monogram Biosciences Inc
What is the purpose of the study mentioned in the text?
To investigate the biological processes associated with PASC
Which of the following cytokine biomarkers showed a significant difference in levels between individuals who developed PASC and those who did not?
Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α)
Among individuals with PASC, which cytokine biomarker showed a trend towards higher levels during early recovery and became more pronounced in late recovery?
Interleukin 6
Which of the following statements is true regarding the recovery phase following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection?
It is poorly understood.
Which of the following is a potential implication of persistent inflammation during recovery from COVID-19?
Increased risk of adverse outcomes.
Which biomarker showed a significant positive correlation with levels of binding antibodies at the early timepoint among those with PASC?
TNF-α
Which biomarker showed a significant positive correlation with levels of binding antibodies at the later timepoint among those with PASC?
IL-6
Among those without PASC, which biomarker showed a significant positive correlation with levels of binding antibodies at the early timepoint?
IFN-γ
Among those without PASC, which biomarker showed a significant positive correlation with levels of binding antibodies at the later timepoint?
IP-10
Which cytokine has been implicated in models of chronic inflammatory diseases and is associated with tissue-specific manifestations such as lung or neurologic disease in mouse models?
IL-6
Which cytokine induces tissue inflammation and endothelial activation, and its uncontrolled activity underlies various inflammatory diseases that can involve multiple organ systems?
TNF-α
During the first 90 days of COVID-19 recovery, individuals with persistent symptoms were likely to demonstrate higher levels of markers of inflammation and immune activation.
True
All markers of interest achieved statistical significance during the first 90 days of COVID-19 recovery.
False
Elevations in IL-6 persisted into the late recovery period during which the primary clinical outcome (PASC) was defined.
True
The findings discussed in the text are based on large studies with a significant number of participants.
False
Which biomarkers were measured in blood plasma using the HD-X Simoa platform?
MCP-1, Cytokine 3-PlexA, IFN-γ–induced protein 10, SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G
What was the primary outcome measured in this study?
Presence of persistent symptoms at >90 days from initial COVID-19 symptom onset
How many participants were included in the analysis cohort?
121
What statistical analysis was used to compare the groups with and without persistent symptoms?
Nonparametric analyses
According to the text, what percentage of the cohort had a history of an autoimmune disorder?
11%
Based on the text, what percentage of participants had been managed as outpatients during their COVID-19 illness?
78%
According to the text, what was the median number of symptoms reported by individuals with PASC at the late recovery timepoint?
5
Based on the text, what was the average percentage difference in levels of plasma biomarkers between those with and without PASC during early recovery?
44%
Which of the following is the equation for a line in slope-intercept form?
$y = mx + b$
Which of the following is the formula for the area of a triangle?
$A = \frac{1}{2}bh$
What is the value of $x$ in the equation $3x + 5 = 20$?
$x = 7$
Which of the following is the equation for a circle?
$(x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2$
What is the value of $y$ in the equation $2x + 3y = 12$ when $x = 4$?
$y = 4$
Analyzing the 1842 jid 2021:224 study: A quiz on cytokine levels and immune response markers in PASC patients.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
