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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are types of structural rearrangements?
Which of the following are types of structural rearrangements?
Imbalanced rearrangements involve a gain or loss of genetic material.
Imbalanced rearrangements involve a gain or loss of genetic material.
True
What is the term used for rearrangements that do not involve loss or gain of genetic chromatin?
What is the term used for rearrangements that do not involve loss or gain of genetic chromatin?
Balanced rearrangements
Structural aberrations can happen due to errors during ______.
Structural aberrations can happen due to errors during ______.
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What happens during an inversion?
What happens during an inversion?
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Study Notes
Cytogenetic Notation
- Each chromosome region is given a number
- Lowest number is closest (proximal) to the centromere
- Highest number is at the tips (distal) to the centromere
Structural Abnormalities
- Result from breakage of a chromosome region
- Followed by rejoining in an abnormal combination
- Classified into two general types: Balanced rearrangements and imbalanced rearrangements
Balanced Rearrangements
- No loss or gain of genetic chromatin
- Change the gene order but do not remove or duplicate any DNA
Imbalanced Rearrangements
- Gain or loss of genetic material
- Change the gene dosage of a part of the affected chromosomes
Structural Aberrations Causes
- Errors during meiosis
- Errors during mitosis
- Exposure to teratogens (substances that cause birth defects)
Structural Rearrangements
- Inversions
- Deletions
- Ring formations
- Duplications
- Isochromosomes
- Insertions
- Translocations
Inversions
- A segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end
- Occurs when a single chromosome undergoes breakage and rearrangement within itself
- Can be inherited or a mutation that appears in a child without a family history
- A sequence of nucleotides in the DNA is reversed or flipped
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Description
This quiz focuses on cytogenetic notation and the types of structural abnormalities in chromosomes. It covers balanced and imbalanced rearrangements, their causes, and different types of structural rearrangements. Test your knowledge and understanding of chromosomal abnormalities.
