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Questions and Answers
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations of the CF trans-membrane conductance ______.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations of the CF trans-membrane conductance ______.
regulator
CF patients are at high risk for ______ because of anorexia with reduced food intake.
CF patients are at high risk for ______ because of anorexia with reduced food intake.
malnutrition
Increased fecal ______ loss is one of the issues faced by CF patients.
Increased fecal ______ loss is one of the issues faced by CF patients.
energy
The chronic inflammatory process in CF patients has been shown to reduce fat free ______.
The chronic inflammatory process in CF patients has been shown to reduce fat free ______.
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Chronic inflammation and reduced physical activity contribute to alterations in body ______.
Chronic inflammation and reduced physical activity contribute to alterations in body ______.
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BIA stands for bioelectrical ______ analysis.
BIA stands for bioelectrical ______ analysis.
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One of the major clinical consequences of impaired CFTR function is ______ insufficiency.
One of the major clinical consequences of impaired CFTR function is ______ insufficiency.
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The abbreviation FEV1 stands for forced expiratory volume in one ______.
The abbreviation FEV1 stands for forced expiratory volume in one ______.
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Mean percent accuracy to estimate body composition in 55 pediatric patients showed relative bias for BF% was greater in pre-pubertal and pubertal ______ with CF.
Mean percent accuracy to estimate body composition in 55 pediatric patients showed relative bias for BF% was greater in pre-pubertal and pubertal ______ with CF.
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Despite good correlations between skinfold measurements or BIA and DXA, skinfolds and BIA overestimated ______.
Despite good correlations between skinfold measurements or BIA and DXA, skinfolds and BIA overestimated ______.
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In pre-pubertal patients, the difference for FFM obtained from BIA was ______.
In pre-pubertal patients, the difference for FFM obtained from BIA was ______.
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The prediction of body composition in puberty is challenging due to large changes induced by ______.
The prediction of body composition in puberty is challenging due to large changes induced by ______.
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Age and gender significantly affected the ability of anthropometric and BIA indices to predict body ______.
Age and gender significantly affected the ability of anthropometric and BIA indices to predict body ______.
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Both genders reach peak bone accretion during the ______ years.
Both genders reach peak bone accretion during the ______ years.
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The Z-score of BMI to predict BF% was very ______, especially in certain demographics.
The Z-score of BMI to predict BF% was very ______, especially in certain demographics.
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Skinsfolds of the upper arm were better predictors than those of the ______.
Skinsfolds of the upper arm were better predictors than those of the ______.
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Recent studies have documented an association between FFM depletion and poor respiratory muscle strength or impaired ______.
Recent studies have documented an association between FFM depletion and poor respiratory muscle strength or impaired ______.
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Standard nutritional indicators such as height, weight, and BMI do not allow identifying the body composition alteration frequently found in ______ patients.
Standard nutritional indicators such as height, weight, and BMI do not allow identifying the body composition alteration frequently found in ______ patients.
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Skinfold thickness measurements were determined to the nearest 0.2 mm at the left biceps, triceps, sub-scapular and ______ sites.
Skinfold thickness measurements were determined to the nearest 0.2 mm at the left biceps, triceps, sub-scapular and ______ sites.
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The European CF bone mineralization guidelines recommend routine bone density DXA scans in the age range between 8 and ______ years.
The European CF bone mineralization guidelines recommend routine bone density DXA scans in the age range between 8 and ______ years.
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DXA is a widely recognized method of body composition analysis that provides information on nutritional status, including fat reserve and ______ soft tissue.
DXA is a widely recognized method of body composition analysis that provides information on nutritional status, including fat reserve and ______ soft tissue.
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Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was performed using a single-frequency BIA analyzer that applies a 50 kHz ______ current.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was performed using a single-frequency BIA analyzer that applies a 50 kHz ______ current.
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In subjects aged less than 17 years, BF% was predicted by the equation of ______.
In subjects aged less than 17 years, BF% was predicted by the equation of ______.
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Access to DXA may be ______ in many clinical settings.
Access to DXA may be ______ in many clinical settings.
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Nutritional intervention is important for adolescents with ______ nervosa.
Nutritional intervention is important for adolescents with ______ nervosa.
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The R-index is a good predictor of ______ mass.
The R-index is a good predictor of ______ mass.
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DXA may underestimate %BF in the leanest ______.
DXA may underestimate %BF in the leanest ______.
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Different time periods between ______ may cause contrasting results.
Different time periods between ______ may cause contrasting results.
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BIA stands for ______ Impedance Analysis.
BIA stands for ______ Impedance Analysis.
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Reliable CF-specific predictive equations are required for standard nutritional ______.
Reliable CF-specific predictive equations are required for standard nutritional ______.
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The combination of total body water, body density, and total body ______ mineral helps estimate %BF.
The combination of total body water, body density, and total body ______ mineral helps estimate %BF.
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DXA is considered clinically valuable due to its strong relationship with other ______ methods.
DXA is considered clinically valuable due to its strong relationship with other ______ methods.
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The accuracy of body composition estimates based on skinfold thickness measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis is not yet adequately explored in ______.
The accuracy of body composition estimates based on skinfold thickness measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis is not yet adequately explored in ______.
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One hundred forty-two CF patients underwent a ______ scan.
One hundred forty-two CF patients underwent a ______ scan.
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Body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated from ______.
Body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated from ______.
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Fat free mass (FFM) was estimated from single-frequency 50 kHz ______.
Fat free mass (FFM) was estimated from single-frequency 50 kHz ______.
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Bland–Altman analysis showed poor intra-individual agreement between body composition data provided by DXA and BF% estimated from ______.
Bland–Altman analysis showed poor intra-individual agreement between body composition data provided by DXA and BF% estimated from ______.
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The skinfolds of the upper arm were better predictors of BF% than ______.
The skinfolds of the upper arm were better predictors of BF% than ______.
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The best predictor of FFM was the ______-index (Height2/Resistance).
The best predictor of FFM was the ______-index (Height2/Resistance).
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Due to poor accuracy at individual level, the estimates of body composition obtained from these techniques cannot be part of the standard nutritional assessment of CF patients until reliable CF-specific ______ become available.
Due to poor accuracy at individual level, the estimates of body composition obtained from these techniques cannot be part of the standard nutritional assessment of CF patients until reliable CF-specific ______ become available.
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BMI has limited value in predicting body ______ in CF patients.
BMI has limited value in predicting body ______ in CF patients.
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Other predictors of body composition include skinfolds of the upper ______.
Other predictors of body composition include skinfolds of the upper ______.
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These predictors are strongly related to body composition data obtained from ______.
These predictors are strongly related to body composition data obtained from ______.
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The study was supported by a grant from the Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research ______.
The study was supported by a grant from the Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research ______.
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The reference manual used for anthropometric standardization was edited by ______ and others.
The reference manual used for anthropometric standardization was edited by ______ and others.
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Bioelectrical impedance analysis is used to measure total body ______ in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis is used to measure total body ______ in patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Body composition and BMD in children with cystic fibrosis was studied by ______ and colleagues.
Body composition and BMD in children with cystic fibrosis was studied by ______ and colleagues.
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The study suggests that BMI should be used in combination with other ______ for a better assessment.
The study suggests that BMI should be used in combination with other ______ for a better assessment.
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Study Notes
Cystic Fibrosis Body Composition
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting the CFTR gene, leading to pancreatic insufficiency, respiratory infections, and progressive lung disease.
- CF patients are at risk for malnutrition due to anorexia, reduced food intake, increased fecal energy loss, and high resting energy expenditure.
- Chronic inflammation and reduced physical activity also contribute to body composition alterations.
- Studies show that FFM depletion in CF patients is associated with impaired respiratory muscle strength and reduced pulmonary function.
Methods for Body Composition Assessment
- One hundred forty-two CF patients underwent DXA scans, BIA, and skinfold measurements.
- Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated.
- FEV1 values were used to assess lung disease severity.
- Pubertal status was determined using Tanner criteria.
- Skinfold thickness was measured at the left biceps, triceps, sub-scapular, and supra-iliac sites using a caliper.
- BIA used a single-frequency (50 kHz) device.
- DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) was used as the reference method, estimating FM, FFM, and BMD.
Results and Discussion
- Intra-individual agreement between DXA and BIA/skinfold estimates was poor.
- Skinfold measurements of the upper arm provided better BF% predictions than BMI.
- R-index (height²/resistance) showed superior FFM prediction compared to other BIA measurements.
- Accuracy of skinfold and BIA estimations was affected by age and sexual maturation, particularly in pre-pubertal and pubertal patients.
- BMI has limited value in predicting body fatness in CF.
- Development of CF-specific equations for body composition estimation is necessary.
- Further studies with larger CF populations are needed to develop reliable predictive equations using skinfolds and BIA measures for body composition in CF.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the body composition challenges faced by cystic fibrosis patients, including the impact of malnutrition and chronic inflammation on health outcomes. It reviews assessment methods like DXA scans and skinfold measurements and their significance in understanding CF progression. Test your knowledge on CF physiology and assessment techniques!
