Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of threat is characterized by exploits that have yet to be discovered and documented?
What type of threat is characterized by exploits that have yet to be discovered and documented?
- Malware
- Known threats
- Documented exploits
- Zero-day exploits (correct)
Which of the following best describes Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)?
Which of the following best describes Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)?
- Complex malware that self-replicates
- Ongoing efforts by adversaries to maintain access without detection (correct)
- Short-term attacks that require minimal resources
- One-time attacks aimed at financial loss
What is the primary goal of nation-state actors in cyber operations?
What is the primary goal of nation-state actors in cyber operations?
- Disruption of services
- Financial gain
- Espionage and strategic advantage (correct)
- Public awareness
Which group is typically involved in activities aimed at promoting a political ideology?
Which group is typically involved in activities aimed at promoting a political ideology?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with organized crime groups in cyber activities?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with organized crime groups in cyber activities?
Which of the following groups is an example of a hacktivist organization?
Which of the following groups is an example of a hacktivist organization?
In threat modeling, which type of threat is represented by obfuscated malware code?
In threat modeling, which type of threat is represented by obfuscated malware code?
Which aspect does threat intelligence NOT focus on?
Which aspect does threat intelligence NOT focus on?
What are the two categories of insider threats?
What are the two categories of insider threats?
What is a common outcome of cyber attacks conducted by organized crime groups?
What is a common outcome of cyber attacks conducted by organized crime groups?
What is a characteristic of commodity malware?
What is a characteristic of commodity malware?
Which statement accurately describes a zero-day exploit?
Which statement accurately describes a zero-day exploit?
What is an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)?
What is an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)?
What can be considered an example of an unintentional insider threat?
What can be considered an example of an unintentional insider threat?
Why do adversaries favor using zero-day vulnerabilities for attacks?
Why do adversaries favor using zero-day vulnerabilities for attacks?
Which type of malware is typically used in general circumstances and can be purchased online?
Which type of malware is typically used in general circumstances and can be purchased online?
Flashcards
Insider Threat
Insider Threat
Someone with authorized access to an organization, who poses a security risk.
Intentional Insider Threat
Intentional Insider Threat
A deliberate attack by someone within an organization.
Unintentional Insider Threat
Unintentional Insider Threat
A security risk caused by negligence or mistake.
Commodity Malware
Commodity Malware
Generic malware readily available for purchase.
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Zero-Day Threat
Zero-Day Threat
A vulnerability exploited before a patch is released.
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Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
Highly organized attackers with sustained access to a target.
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Hacktivist Group
Hacktivist Group
A group of individuals motivated by social or political agendas.
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Shadow IT
Shadow IT
Unauthorized IT systems/activities used within an organization.
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Nation-State Threat Actor
Nation-State Threat Actor
Groups with cybersecurity expertise, backed by governments, aiming for military or commercial goals. Often have advanced persistent threat (APT) capabilities and resources.
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Organized Crime Threat Actor
Organized Crime Threat Actor
Groups involved in cybercrime, often focused on fraud, blackmail, and financial gains. May operate internationally.
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Hacktivist Threat Actor
Hacktivist Threat Actor
Groups using hacking skills to promote an ideology or political agenda, often targeting political adversaries or media outlets, sometimes causing denial-of-service attacks.
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Known Threats
Known Threats
Threats with known characteristics, like specific malware or exploits against known vulnerabilities.
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Malware
Malware
Malicious software designed to damage or disable computer systems.
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Threat Intelligence
Threat Intelligence
Understanding adversary behavior to identify relevant threats.
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Unknown Threats
Unknown Threats
Threats with unknown characteristics, like zero-day exploits or obfuscated malware.
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CySA+ Lesson 2A
- Objectives: Classify threats and threat actor types, use attack frameworks and indicator management, and utilize threat modeling and hunting methodologies.
Threat Classification
- Known Threats: Malware and documented exploits against software vulnerabilities.
- Unknown Threats: Zero-day exploits and obfuscated malware code.
Threat Actor Types
- Threat intelligence involves understanding adversary behavior, not just malware signatures or attack vectors.
- Organized crime groups, hacktivist groups, and other threat entities are monitored to assess their resource levels and how sophisticated their attacks might be.
- Nation-States use financial and technological resources (APTs) for military or commercial goals, often targeting energy and electoral systems, with espionage and strategic advantage as primary goals. They may support multiple adversary groups with different objectives and levels of collaboration.
- Organized crime perpetrators may reside outside of a targeted country and may focus on fraud and blackmail. Cybercrime incidents often exceed physical crime in terms of incidence and loss.
- Hacktivists promote political agendas or ideologies through actions such as releasing confidential information, DoS attacks, or website defacing. They commonly target adversaries in business, media, or politics.
Insider Threats
- Insider threats can be intentional or unintentional. Intentional threats involve malicious actors inside an organization, while unintentional threats stem from negligence or mistakes that inadvertently create vulnerabilities. A common unintentional insider threat is Shadow IT.
Commodity Malware
- Commodity malware is prepackaged and readily available for sale on the internet. It is not targeted to a specific entity.
- Examples include Remote Access Trojans (RATs) and DDoS tools.
Zero-Day Threats
- Zero-day threats exploit previously unknown vulnerabilities. Adversary groups often discover and exploit these threats before vendors can release patches. These vulnerabilities often have high financial value.
Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)
- APTs are highly organized and sophisticated groups capable of discovering exploits to high-value targets. They often maintain persistence within a system by using backdoors, allowing them to re-connect and exfiltrate data at a later time.
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