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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the enamel bevel during dental procedures?

To eliminate plaque accumulation

To strengthen the restoration

To expose the enamel prism (correct)

To reduce tooth sensitivity

What is the primary cause of a periapical abscess?

Mechanical trauma to the tooth

Viral infection

Allergic reaction to dental materials

Bacterial infection from pulpal necrosis (correct)

Which nerve block is most commonly associated with hematoma formation?

Lingual Nerve Block

Mental Nerve Block

Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block (correct)

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

In case of excessive cementum formation at the root apex, what is the condition called?

Hypercementosis Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the C factor in cavity design?

Ratio of bonded surfaces to unbonded surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common primary colonizer of dental plaque?

Streptococcus sanguis Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate treatment for a patient with grade 2 mobility and 7mm recession?

Scaling and root planing with possible surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of polymerization shrinkage in composite materials?

2-4 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the best method for performing submandibular gland palpation?

Bimanual simultaneous intraoral and extraoral palpation Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is primarily responsible for dental abscesses in the early stages?

Streptococcus species Signup and view all the answers

What is typically observed microscopically in ANUG?

Presence of spirochetes and fusiform bacilli Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum acceptable dose of adrenaline for cardiac patients?

0.04 mg Signup and view all the answers

In which space does trismus commonly arise when involved?

Pterygomandibular space Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of pain in the region of the mental foramen in a patient with lower complete dentures?

Schwannoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for a patient whose mandible deviates to the right side following a blow to the chin?

Fracture of the right condyle Signup and view all the answers

Which tooth is wider mesiodistally than cervicoincisally?

Maxillary central incisor Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom after a patient receives a blow to the eye?

Pain and sensitivity to touch Signup and view all the answers

Which precaution should be taken when fixing a rubber dam on a lower canine for a Class V preparation?

Punch the hole more lingually Signup and view all the answers

In a mixed dentition child with bilateral missing primary teeth, which type of space maintainer is appropriate?

Band and loop Signup and view all the answers

After discovering an extra canal during RCT of a lower central incisor, where is it most likely located?

Lingual Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial procedure for a 40-year-old woman with a periapical abscess and non-vital pulp in the upper right first molar?

Make an access, give antibiotics, and leave the tooth opened Signup and view all the answers

What is the best technique for creating a flap for the surgical removal of a periodontal pocket?

Modified Widman flap Signup and view all the answers

How can one differentiate between apical and periodontal abscesses most effectively?

Vitality test Signup and view all the answers

What is bone swagging characterized by?

Repositioning of the bone graft Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication encountered after lower molar extraction?

Dry socket Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pins are typically preferred in restorative dental procedures?

Self-threaded pins or cemented Signup and view all the answers

What condition does a tongue blade appliance primarily address?

Thumb/finger sucking or anterior crossbite Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial effect of light ortho force on the periodontal ligament (PDL)?

Metabolic changes in PDL Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria are primarily present in early plaque formation?

Gram +ve aerobic cocci Signup and view all the answers

Which material makes a chemical bond with tooth structure?

Zinc polycarboxylate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a passive lingual arch as a space maintainer?

To maintain space after loss of mandibular molars Signup and view all the answers

What tool is recommended for root planing in pockets deeper than 5mm?

Ultrasonic scaler Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant issue with fixed partial dentures (FPD)?

PDL problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for a vertical fracture in a root canal treated tooth?

Lateral condensation of gutta-percha Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily affects the efficiency of endodontic irrigation?

Sufficient widening of access cavity Signup and view all the answers

Diagnosing a small radiolucency around a lateral canal indicates which appropriate action?

Remove gutta-percha and re-obturate Signup and view all the answers

What impact does a carbide bur with more cutting blades have on dental procedures?

Smooth surface with faster cutting Signup and view all the answers

Which material is known for its hardness and strength?

Type IV gold Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rounding or beveling the axiopulpal line angle in dentistry?

Improves stress distribution among dentin Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does applying a layer over GI cement serve?

To decrease moisture contamination Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gumma

Central necrosis granuloma is a distinctive histological feature.

Anxious Patient with Peptic Ulcer

Diazepam is a suitable medication for treating anxiety in this situation.

Blood Alkalosis

Facial muscle twitching is a characteristic sign of blood alkalosis.

Restorative Procedures

The most frequent pin used in restorative procedures is the self-threaded pin or cemented pin.

Tongue Blade Appliance

Tongue blade appliances are valuable for addressing habit correction like thumb sucking or anterior crossbite.

Lower Molar Extraction

Dry socket is the most prevalent complication associated with lower molar extraction.

Impaction Surgery

Swelling, hemorrhage, and dry socket are common complications of impaction surgery.

Tooth Discoloration

Pulp death is a primary cause of tooth discoloration and loss of translucency.

Abutment Height

Abutment height should be sufficient to provide adequate clearance with the opposing arch.

Space Maintainer

A passive lingual arch is a recommended space maintainer option for the loss of mandibular molar teeth.

Dentin Formation

Mantle dentin is the initial type of dentin formed during tooth development.

Cementoblastoma

Swelling, diffuse radiopacity, and involvement of the mandibular angle are indicative of cementoblastoma.

Auriculotemporal Nerve

Injury to the auriculotemporal nerve can lead to reduced mobility of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and periauricular access.

Nursing Bottle Caries

Maxillary incisors are the first teeth most commonly affected by nursing bottle caries.

Chemical Bond with Tooth Structure

Zinc polycarboxylate cement forms a chemical bond with tooth structure.

Retention in Removable Partial Denture(RPD)

Class I RPDs require the most direct retention.

Lingual Bar in RPD

A lingual bar in an RPD should be positioned 3 millimeters away from the gingival margin.

Popular Pin Types

Self-threaded pins are highly popular for dental applications.

Ortho Force Effects

Light orthodontic forces induce metabolic changes within the periodontal ligament (PDL).

X-ray for Implant Placement

An orthopantomogram (OPG) is the primary radiographic technique used in pre-implant placement to assess the areas.

Maxillofacial Trauma Patient Transport

Supine position is the optimal position for transferring a patient with maxillofacial trauma to the hospital.

Crown Preparation Bur

Tapered fissure burs are commonly used for crown preparation.

Border Molding

The distolingual border of the tongue requires precise border molding during denture fabrication.

Early Plaque Bacteria

Gram-positive aerobic cocci are the initial colonizers of dental plaque.

Sandwich Technique

Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a common liner used under composite restorations in the sandwich technique.

Secondary Dentin Formation

Secondary dentin formation can be triggered by factors including recurrent caries, trauma, and attrition wear.

Lateral Cephalogram

A lateral cephalogram is a radiographic technique that provides a profile view of the cranium and face, often used in orthodontic assessments.

GIC Setting

Glass ionomer cement sets through an acid-base reaction.

Amalgam Pins

Pins in amalgam restorations primarily serve as retention mechanisms for the amalgam material.

Fixed Partial Denture(FPD) Complication

Periodontal ligament (PDL) problems are a leading complication associated with fixed partial dentures (FPDs).

Interdental Floss

The primary function of interdental floss is to remove plaque and debris from between the teeth.

Biocompatible Material

Titanium is widely recognized as one of the most biocompatible materials used within the oral cavity.

Enamel Bevel Function

An enamel bevel in a preparation exposes enamel prisms, enhances retention, and strengthens the restoration.

Dentigerous Cyst

A radiolucency associated with a developing third molar is often indicative of a dentigerous cyst.

Hypercementosis

Hypercementosis refers to excessive cementum formation at the root apex.

Irrigation Needle

Side-vented irrigation needles are the recommended approach for safe and effective endodontic irrigation.

Perforation during Pin Placement

If a perforation occurs during pin placement, sealing the perforation with materials like MTA or other restorative materials is a common management strategy.

Periapical Abscess Etiology

Periapical abscesses are primarily caused by bacterial infection, typically originating from pulpal necrosis or dental caries.

C Factor

The C-factor represents the ratio of bonded to unbonded surfaces in a restoration. It impacts the stress on the restoration during polymerization. Higher C-factors indicate greater stress, and lower C-factors indicate less stress.

Composite Polymerization Shrinkage

Polymerization shrinkage in composite materials typically occurs within 2 to 4 days after placement.

Trauma Patient Transport

The optimal transport position for a trauma patient depends on the nature and severity of the injury. However, if a spinal injury is suspected, the supine position with spinal precautions is generally recommended.

Subcutaneous Emphysema

Subcutaneous emphysema, characterized by cracking sounds, may develop during surgical procedures, indicating air leakage into subcutaneous tissue.

Hematoma

The Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA) nerve block can increase the risk of hematoma formation.

Trismus

Trismus, or difficulty opening the mouth, is often associated with involvement of the medial pterygoid muscle.

Sulfur Granules

Sulfur granules are characteristic of Actinomycosis, a bacterial infection.

Desquamative Gingivitis

Desquamative gingivitis can be caused by conditions such as lichen planus or pemphigoid.

Strawberry Gingivitis

Strawberry gingivitis is a manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis.

Primary Plaque Colonizer

The main primary colonizers of plaque are gram-positive facultative anaerobic cocci, such as Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus.

Post-Crown Inflammation

Inflammation occurring 2 years after crown placement could be caused by periodontal disease, poor crown margins, or allergic reactions to the materials.

Grade 2 Mobility Treatment

Treatment for grade 2 mobility with 7mm recession typically involves scaling and root planing, followed by potential surgical interventions like a graft.

Penicillin Allergy Alternative

Clindamycin is a suitable alternative for patients with penicillin allergies.

Trismus after IANB

Trismus occurring 2 days after an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is often due to muscle spasm, typically affecting the medial pterygoid muscle.

Mandibular Foramen Location in Children

In children, the mandibular foramen is positioned slightly lower and more anterior compared to adults.

Submandibular Gland Palpation

Simultaneous bimanual palpation, both intraoral and extraoral, is the recommended approach for assessing the submandibular gland.

Abscess Dominant Organisms

Streptococcus species are dominant bacteria in the early stages of an abscess, followed by the emergence of anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas.

Denture Dislodgement in Complete Denture

In complete dentures, if the maxillary posterior border is thick, denture dislodgement during wide opening may result from the denture hitting the coronoid process.

Subgingival Calculus Derivation

The inorganic substance for subgingival calculus originates from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

ANUG Diagnosis

ANUG diagnosis is based on clinical, microscopic, and treatment-related characteristics. Clinically, punched-out crater-like depressions at the interdental papillae covered by a pseudomembrane are observed. Microscopically, the presence of spirochetes (Borrelia vincenti) and fusiform bacilli (Fusobacterium) is characteristic. Treatment involves irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide diluted with water and antibiotics such as penicillin + metronidazole.

Adrenaline Dosage in Cardiac Patients

The maximum acceptable dose of adrenaline in cardiac patients is 0.04 mg (equivalent to 2 cartridges).

Trismus and Space Involvement

Involvement of the pterygomandibular space or the medial pterygoid muscle can lead to trismus.

Dry Socket

Dry socket manifests with dull pain and minimal swelling, typically appearing 3 days after extraction. It is most common in mandibular molar areas. The organism Treponema denticola is often implicated. Treatment involves irrigation and the application of a sedative dressing.

Mandibular Extraction Site Healing

Healing after mandibular extraction proceeds from the apical (bottom) towards the coronal (top) region.

Bifurcated Root/Canal

The mandibular first premolar and mandibular molars, particularly the first molar, are commonly known to have bifurcated canals or roots.

Mesiodistal/Cervicoincisal Tooth Width

The maxillary central incisor is wider mesiodistally than cervicoincisally.

Lower Complete Denture Pain

Pain in the region of the mental foramen in a patient with a lower complete denture is often suggestive of a schwannoma.

Rubber Dam Placement for Class V

When preparing a Class V restoration on a lower canine, positioning the rubber dam hole more lingually helps prevent the gingival clamp from damaging the facial tissues.

Lower Lip Numbness

Lower lip numbness can be caused by several factors, including:
- Fracture in the premolar region
- Malignant tumor

Mandibular Landmarks

Gonion, pogonion, and menton are prominent landmarks on the mandible.

Mandibular Deviation after Blow to Chin

Deviation of the mandible to the right side after a blow to the chin is commonly associated with a fracture of the right condyle.

Eye Blow Consequences

The most frequent outcome of a blow to the eye is pain and sensitivity to touch due to involvement of the cheek and lip.

Lidocaine/Epinephrine Dosage

Four cartridges of 2% lidocaine solution with 1:100,000 epinephrine contain 80 mg of lidocaine and 0.04 mg of epinephrine.

Static Bone Cyst

A 14-year-old child with pain in the lower molar/premolar region, vital teeth, a radiolucent lesion below the roots, and no fluid upon opening suggests a static bone cyst.

Mouth Breather Occlusion

Mouth-breathing patients often exhibit Class II occlusion.

Space Maintainer for Missing Primary Teeth

In a mixed dentition child with bilateral loss of primary teeth, a band and loop space maintainer is typically recommended.

Protruded Upper Incisors Appliance

The optimal time to place a high labial arch removable appliance for a child with protruded upper incisors is after the shedding of deciduous canines.

Trauma to Incisors Treatment

A child with a history of trauma to lower incisors, resulting in pain and swelling four years later, necessitating radiographic evidence of radiolucency, should have vitality testing performed on the teeth. Non-vital teeth should undergo root canal treatment (RCT).

Upper Molar Swelling Treatment

A 40-year-old woman presenting with swelling in the upper right first molar region, radiographic evidence of periapical abscess, and non-vital pulp requires access to the tooth, antibiotic administration, and leaving the tooth open for 72 hours.

Lower Central Incisor Extra Canal

When performing RCT on a lower central incisor and encountering an extra canal, it is most likely to be located lingually.

Periodontal Flap Technique

The modified Widman flap is a standard technique for preparing a flap during periodontal pocket surgical removal.

Bone Graft Responsiveness

Grade 1 osseous defects demonstrate the greatest responsiveness to bone grafts.

Bone Swagging

Bone swagging refers to the process of repositioning a bone graft to a neighboring defect.

Abscess Differentiation

Vitality testing plays a crucial role in differentiating between apical and periodontal abscesses.

Pocket Depth Scaling Tool

An ultrasonic scaler is the preferred tool for root planing in periodontal pockets exceeding 5 mm in depth.

Subgingival Calculus Removal

A curette is the ideal instrument for removing subgingival calculus from pockets below 5 mm in depth.

Vertical Fracture Cause

Lateral condensation of gutta-percha can contribute to vertical fractures in root canal-treated teeth.

Irrigation Efficiency Factor

Sufficient widening of the access cavity is essential for ensuring effective irrigation during endodontic procedures, allowing for adequate flow and access to the canals.

Lateral Canal Treatment

If a lateral canal, which remains unfilled with material, is discovered in the middle third of a lower premolar after obturation, and a small radiolucency is observed around it radiographically, the recommended approach is to remove the gutta-percha and re-obturate to allow the material to enter the canal.

Deep Cavity in Primary Tooth

When a deep cavity in a primary tooth exposes the pulp, the recommended procedure is pulpectomy and formocresol.

Carbide Bur Cutting Blades

A carbide bur with a greater number of cutting blades produces a smoother surface and cuts faster.

Gold Hardness

Type IV gold is known for its exceptional hardness and strength.

Isthmus Fracture Cause

Inadequate width or depth of the isthmus area can lead to isthmus fractures in restorations.

Axiopulpal Line Angle Beveling

Rounding or beveling the axiopulpal line angle helps distribute stress among the dentin, reducing stress concentration in this critical region.

Composite Finishing Problem

Difficulty in finishing composite restorations, particularly the dislodgement of filler from the matrix due to the difference in material hardness, is often attributed to a hard filler and a soft matrix.

Tin in Amalgam

The presence of tin in amalgam helps to reduce tarnish.

GI Cement Layer

A layer of varnish or sealant is often painted over glass ionomer cement to minimize moisture contamination and enhance its performance.

Chemical Bonding Material

Zinc polycarboxylate cement is renowned for its ability to form a chemical bond with tooth structure.

Ovate Pontic

Of various pontic designs, the ovate pontic is considered the most hygienic option.

Subgingival PFM Margin

Placing the margin of a porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown subgingivally in a lower molar is often chosen for aesthetic considerations.

Buccal Bevel Advantage

When preparing a tooth for a cast metal crown, creating a buccal bevel provides several advantages, including preventing metal perforation during polishing or future use.

Balancing Side Cusp Contact

During functional chewing on one side (working side), the buccal cusps of the lower molar on the balancing side typically make contact with the opposing teeth.

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