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What is the primary function of the enamel bevel during dental procedures?
What is the primary cause of a periapical abscess?
Which nerve block is most commonly associated with hematoma formation?
In case of excessive cementum formation at the root apex, what is the condition called?
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What best describes the C factor in cavity design?
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What is the most common primary colonizer of dental plaque?
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What is an appropriate treatment for a patient with grade 2 mobility and 7mm recession?
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What is the typical duration of polymerization shrinkage in composite materials?
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What is the best method for performing submandibular gland palpation?
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Which organism is primarily responsible for dental abscesses in the early stages?
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What is typically observed microscopically in ANUG?
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What is the maximum acceptable dose of adrenaline for cardiac patients?
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In which space does trismus commonly arise when involved?
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What is the most common cause of pain in the region of the mental foramen in a patient with lower complete dentures?
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What is the likely diagnosis for a patient whose mandible deviates to the right side following a blow to the chin?
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Which tooth is wider mesiodistally than cervicoincisally?
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What is the most common symptom after a patient receives a blow to the eye?
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Which precaution should be taken when fixing a rubber dam on a lower canine for a Class V preparation?
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In a mixed dentition child with bilateral missing primary teeth, which type of space maintainer is appropriate?
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After discovering an extra canal during RCT of a lower central incisor, where is it most likely located?
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What is the initial procedure for a 40-year-old woman with a periapical abscess and non-vital pulp in the upper right first molar?
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What is the best technique for creating a flap for the surgical removal of a periodontal pocket?
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How can one differentiate between apical and periodontal abscesses most effectively?
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What is bone swagging characterized by?
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What is the most common complication encountered after lower molar extraction?
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Which type of pins are typically preferred in restorative dental procedures?
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What condition does a tongue blade appliance primarily address?
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What is the initial effect of light ortho force on the periodontal ligament (PDL)?
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What type of bacteria are primarily present in early plaque formation?
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Which material makes a chemical bond with tooth structure?
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What is the purpose of using a passive lingual arch as a space maintainer?
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What tool is recommended for root planing in pockets deeper than 5mm?
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What is the most significant issue with fixed partial dentures (FPD)?
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What is the primary reason for a vertical fracture in a root canal treated tooth?
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Which factor primarily affects the efficiency of endodontic irrigation?
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Diagnosing a small radiolucency around a lateral canal indicates which appropriate action?
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What impact does a carbide bur with more cutting blades have on dental procedures?
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Which material is known for its hardness and strength?
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What is the result of rounding or beveling the axiopulpal line angle in dentistry?
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What purpose does applying a layer over GI cement serve?
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Study Notes
Gumma
- Central necrosis granuloma is a distinctive histological feature.
Anxious Patient with Peptic Ulcer
- Diazepam is a suitable medication for treating anxiety in this situation.
Blood Alkalosis
- Facial muscle twitching is a characteristic sign of blood alkalosis.
Restorative Procedures
- The most frequent pin used in restorative procedures is the self-threaded pin or cemented pin.
Tongue Blade Appliance
- Tongue blade appliances are valuable for addressing habit correction like thumb sucking or anterior crossbite.
Lower Molar Extraction
- Dry socket is the most prevalent complication associated with lower molar extraction.
Impaction Surgery
- Swelling, hemorrhage, and dry socket are common complications of impaction surgery.
Tooth Discoloration
- Pulp death is a primary cause of tooth discoloration and loss of translucency.
Abutment Height
- Abutment height should be sufficient to provide adequate clearance with the opposing arch.
Space Maintainer
- A passive lingual arch is a recommended space maintainer option for the loss of mandibular molar teeth.
Dentin Formation
- Mantle dentin is the initial type of dentin formed during tooth development.
Cementoblastoma
- Swelling, diffuse radiopacity, and involvement of the mandibular angle are indicative of cementoblastoma.
Auriculotemporal Nerve
- Injury to the auriculotemporal nerve can lead to reduced mobility of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and periauricular access.
Nursing Bottle Caries
- Maxillary incisors are the first teeth most commonly affected by nursing bottle caries.
Chemical Bond with Tooth Structure
- Zinc polycarboxylate cement forms a chemical bond with tooth structure.
Retention in Removable Partial Denture(RPD)
- Class I RPDs require the most direct retention.
Lingual Bar in RPD
- A lingual bar in an RPD should be positioned 3 millimeters away from the gingival margin.
Popular Pin Types
- Self-threaded pins are highly popular for dental applications.
Ortho Force Effects
- Light orthodontic forces induce metabolic changes within the periodontal ligament (PDL).
X-ray for Implant Placement
- An orthopantomogram (OPG) is the primary radiographic technique used in pre-implant placement to assess the areas.
Maxillofacial Trauma Patient Transport
- Supine position is the optimal position for transferring a patient with maxillofacial trauma to the hospital.
Crown Preparation Bur
- Tapered fissure burs are commonly used for crown preparation.
Border Molding
- The distolingual border of the tongue requires precise border molding during denture fabrication.
Early Plaque Bacteria
- Gram-positive aerobic cocci are the initial colonizers of dental plaque.
Sandwich Technique
- Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a common liner used under composite restorations in the sandwich technique.
Secondary Dentin Formation
- Secondary dentin formation can be triggered by factors including recurrent caries, trauma, and attrition wear.
Lateral Cephalogram
- A lateral cephalogram is a radiographic technique that provides a profile view of the cranium and face, often used in orthodontic assessments.
GIC Setting
- Glass ionomer cement sets through an acid-base reaction.
Amalgam Pins
- Pins in amalgam restorations primarily serve as retention mechanisms for the amalgam material.
Fixed Partial Denture(FPD) Complication
- Periodontal ligament (PDL) problems are a leading complication associated with fixed partial dentures (FPDs).
Interdental Floss
- The primary function of interdental floss is to remove plaque and debris from between the teeth.
Biocompatible Material
- Titanium is widely recognized as one of the most biocompatible materials used within the oral cavity.
Enamel Bevel Function
- An enamel bevel in a preparation exposes enamel prisms, enhances retention, and strengthens the restoration.
Dentigerous Cyst
- A radiolucency associated with a developing third molar is often indicative of a dentigerous cyst.
Hypercementosis
- Hypercementosis refers to excessive cementum formation at the root apex.
Irrigation Needle
- Side-vented irrigation needles are the recommended approach for safe and effective endodontic irrigation.
Perforation during Pin Placement
- If a perforation occurs during pin placement, sealing the perforation with materials like MTA or other restorative materials is a common management strategy.
Periapical Abscess Etiology
- Periapical abscesses are primarily caused by bacterial infection, typically originating from pulpal necrosis or dental caries.
C Factor
- The C-factor represents the ratio of bonded to unbonded surfaces in a restoration. It impacts the stress on the restoration during polymerization. Higher C-factors indicate greater stress, and lower C-factors indicate less stress.
Composite Polymerization Shrinkage
- Polymerization shrinkage in composite materials typically occurs within 2 to 4 days after placement.
Trauma Patient Transport
- The optimal transport position for a trauma patient depends on the nature and severity of the injury. However, if a spinal injury is suspected, the supine position with spinal precautions is generally recommended.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
- Subcutaneous emphysema, characterized by cracking sounds, may develop during surgical procedures, indicating air leakage into subcutaneous tissue.
Hematoma
- The Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA) nerve block can increase the risk of hematoma formation.
Trismus
- Trismus, or difficulty opening the mouth, is often associated with involvement of the medial pterygoid muscle.
Sulfur Granules
- Sulfur granules are characteristic of Actinomycosis, a bacterial infection.
Desquamative Gingivitis
- Desquamative gingivitis can be caused by conditions such as lichen planus or pemphigoid.
Strawberry Gingivitis
- Strawberry gingivitis is a manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis.
Primary Plaque Colonizer
- The main primary colonizers of plaque are gram-positive facultative anaerobic cocci, such as Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus.
Post-Crown Inflammation
- Inflammation occurring 2 years after crown placement could be caused by periodontal disease, poor crown margins, or allergic reactions to the materials.
Grade 2 Mobility Treatment
- Treatment for grade 2 mobility with 7mm recession typically involves scaling and root planing, followed by potential surgical interventions like a graft.
Penicillin Allergy Alternative
- Clindamycin is a suitable alternative for patients with penicillin allergies.
Trismus after IANB
- Trismus occurring 2 days after an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is often due to muscle spasm, typically affecting the medial pterygoid muscle.
Mandibular Foramen Location in Children
- In children, the mandibular foramen is positioned slightly lower and more anterior compared to adults.
Submandibular Gland Palpation
- Simultaneous bimanual palpation, both intraoral and extraoral, is the recommended approach for assessing the submandibular gland.
Abscess Dominant Organisms
- Streptococcus species are dominant bacteria in the early stages of an abscess, followed by the emergence of anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas.
Denture Dislodgement in Complete Denture
- In complete dentures, if the maxillary posterior border is thick, denture dislodgement during wide opening may result from the denture hitting the coronoid process.
Subgingival Calculus Derivation
- The inorganic substance for subgingival calculus originates from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).
ANUG Diagnosis
- ANUG diagnosis is based on clinical, microscopic, and treatment-related characteristics. Clinically, punched-out crater-like depressions at the interdental papillae covered by a pseudomembrane are observed. Microscopically, the presence of spirochetes (Borrelia vincenti) and fusiform bacilli (Fusobacterium) is characteristic. Treatment involves irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide diluted with water and antibiotics such as penicillin + metronidazole.
Adrenaline Dosage in Cardiac Patients
- The maximum acceptable dose of adrenaline in cardiac patients is 0.04 mg (equivalent to 2 cartridges).
Trismus and Space Involvement
- Involvement of the pterygomandibular space or the medial pterygoid muscle can lead to trismus.
Dry Socket
- Dry socket manifests with dull pain and minimal swelling, typically appearing 3 days after extraction. It is most common in mandibular molar areas. The organism Treponema denticola is often implicated. Treatment involves irrigation and the application of a sedative dressing.
Mandibular Extraction Site Healing
- Healing after mandibular extraction proceeds from the apical (bottom) towards the coronal (top) region.
Bifurcated Root/Canal
- The mandibular first premolar and mandibular molars, particularly the first molar, are commonly known to have bifurcated canals or roots.
Mesiodistal/Cervicoincisal Tooth Width
- The maxillary central incisor is wider mesiodistally than cervicoincisally.
Lower Complete Denture Pain
- Pain in the region of the mental foramen in a patient with a lower complete denture is often suggestive of a schwannoma.
Rubber Dam Placement for Class V
- When preparing a Class V restoration on a lower canine, positioning the rubber dam hole more lingually helps prevent the gingival clamp from damaging the facial tissues.
Lower Lip Numbness
- Lower lip numbness can be caused by several factors, including:
- Fracture in the premolar region
- Malignant tumor
Mandibular Landmarks
- Gonion, pogonion, and menton are prominent landmarks on the mandible.
Mandibular Deviation after Blow to Chin
- Deviation of the mandible to the right side after a blow to the chin is commonly associated with a fracture of the right condyle.
Eye Blow Consequences
- The most frequent outcome of a blow to the eye is pain and sensitivity to touch due to involvement of the cheek and lip.
Lidocaine/Epinephrine Dosage
- Four cartridges of 2% lidocaine solution with 1:100,000 epinephrine contain 80 mg of lidocaine and 0.04 mg of epinephrine.
Static Bone Cyst
- A 14-year-old child with pain in the lower molar/premolar region, vital teeth, a radiolucent lesion below the roots, and no fluid upon opening suggests a static bone cyst.
Mouth Breather Occlusion
- Mouth-breathing patients often exhibit Class II occlusion.
Space Maintainer for Missing Primary Teeth
- In a mixed dentition child with bilateral loss of primary teeth, a band and loop space maintainer is typically recommended.
Protruded Upper Incisors Appliance
- The optimal time to place a high labial arch removable appliance for a child with protruded upper incisors is after the shedding of deciduous canines.
Trauma to Incisors Treatment
- A child with a history of trauma to lower incisors, resulting in pain and swelling four years later, necessitating radiographic evidence of radiolucency, should have vitality testing performed on the teeth. Non-vital teeth should undergo root canal treatment (RCT).
Upper Molar Swelling Treatment
- A 40-year-old woman presenting with swelling in the upper right first molar region, radiographic evidence of periapical abscess, and non-vital pulp requires access to the tooth, antibiotic administration, and leaving the tooth open for 72 hours.
Lower Central Incisor Extra Canal
- When performing RCT on a lower central incisor and encountering an extra canal, it is most likely to be located lingually.
Periodontal Flap Technique
- The modified Widman flap is a standard technique for preparing a flap during periodontal pocket surgical removal.
Bone Graft Responsiveness
- Grade 1 osseous defects demonstrate the greatest responsiveness to bone grafts.
Bone Swagging
- Bone swagging refers to the process of repositioning a bone graft to a neighboring defect.
Abscess Differentiation
- Vitality testing plays a crucial role in differentiating between apical and periodontal abscesses.
Pocket Depth Scaling Tool
- An ultrasonic scaler is the preferred tool for root planing in periodontal pockets exceeding 5 mm in depth.
Subgingival Calculus Removal
- A curette is the ideal instrument for removing subgingival calculus from pockets below 5 mm in depth.
Vertical Fracture Cause
- Lateral condensation of gutta-percha can contribute to vertical fractures in root canal-treated teeth.
Irrigation Efficiency Factor
- Sufficient widening of the access cavity is essential for ensuring effective irrigation during endodontic procedures, allowing for adequate flow and access to the canals.
Lateral Canal Treatment
- If a lateral canal, which remains unfilled with material, is discovered in the middle third of a lower premolar after obturation, and a small radiolucency is observed around it radiographically, the recommended approach is to remove the gutta-percha and re-obturate to allow the material to enter the canal.
Deep Cavity in Primary Tooth
- When a deep cavity in a primary tooth exposes the pulp, the recommended procedure is pulpectomy and formocresol.
Carbide Bur Cutting Blades
- A carbide bur with a greater number of cutting blades produces a smoother surface and cuts faster.
Gold Hardness
- Type IV gold is known for its exceptional hardness and strength.
Isthmus Fracture Cause
- Inadequate width or depth of the isthmus area can lead to isthmus fractures in restorations.
Axiopulpal Line Angle Beveling
- Rounding or beveling the axiopulpal line angle helps distribute stress among the dentin, reducing stress concentration in this critical region.
Composite Finishing Problem
- Difficulty in finishing composite restorations, particularly the dislodgement of filler from the matrix due to the difference in material hardness, is often attributed to a hard filler and a soft matrix.
Tin in Amalgam
- The presence of tin in amalgam helps to reduce tarnish.
GI Cement Layer
- A layer of varnish or sealant is often painted over glass ionomer cement to minimize moisture contamination and enhance its performance.
Chemical Bonding Material
- Zinc polycarboxylate cement is renowned for its ability to form a chemical bond with tooth structure.
Ovate Pontic
- Of various pontic designs, the ovate pontic is considered the most hygienic option.
Subgingival PFM Margin
- Placing the margin of a porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown subgingivally in a lower molar is often chosen for aesthetic considerations.
Buccal Bevel Advantage
- When preparing a tooth for a cast metal crown, creating a buccal bevel provides several advantages, including preventing metal perforation during polishing or future use.
Balancing Side Cusp Contact
- During functional chewing on one side (working side), the buccal cusps of the lower molar on the balancing side typically make contact with the opposing teeth.
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