Cybersecurity vs Information Security

• Cybersecurity and Information Security are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct focuses
• Cybersecurity focuses on protecting computer systems and networks from digital attacks
• Information Security focuses on protecting all forms of information, whether digital or physical

Key Concepts in Cybersecurity

• Confidentiality: Ensuring that information is accessible only to authorized individuals
• Integrity: Maintaining the accuracy and completeness of information
• Availability: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed
• Authentication: Verifying the identity of users, devices, or systems
• Authorization: Granting specific access rights and permissions to authenticated users or systems
• Non-Repudiation: Ensuring that actions performed by a user or entity can be traced and cannot be denied later

Common Cybersecurity Threats

• Malware: Malicious software designed to harm or disrupt computer systems
• Ransomware: A type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands a ransom payment for decryption
• Phishing: Deceptive attempts to acquire sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details, by disguising as a trustworthy entity
• Social Engineering: Manipulating individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security
• Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks: Overwhelming a target system or network with a flood of traffic, making it unavailable to legitimate users
• Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: Intercepting communication between two parties and potentially altering or stealing data
• SQL Injection: Exploiting vulnerabilities in database-driven applications to inject malicious SQL code
• Zero-Day Exploits: Attacks that exploit previously unknown vulnerabilities in software or hardware
• Insider Threats: Security breaches or data leaks caused by individuals within an organization

Cybersecurity Measures and Technologies

• Firewalls: Network security devices that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Systems that monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and alert administrators to potential security breaches
• Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS): Systems that actively block or prevent detected intrusions
• Antivirus Software: Software designed to detect, prevent, and remove malware
• Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR): Security solutions that monitor endpoints (e.g., computers, servers, mobile devices) for malicious activity and provide tools for incident response
• Security Information and Event Management (SIEM): Platforms that collect and analyze security logs and events from various sources to identify and respond to security threats
• Virtual Private Networks (VPN): Encrypt network traffic and provide secure connections over the internet
• Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Requiring users to provide multiple forms of authentication (e.g., password, biometric scan, security token) to verify their identity
• Encryption: Converting data into an unreadable format to protect its confidentiality
• Penetration Testing: Simulating cyber attacks to identify vulnerabilities in systems and networks

Information Security Principles

• Confidentiality: Protecting information from unauthorized access and disclosure
• Integrity: Ensuring the accuracy and completeness of information and preventing unauthorized modification or destruction
• Availability: Ensuring that information and resources are accessible to authorized users when needed
• Risk Management: Identifying, assessing, and mitigating information security risks
• Defense in Depth: Implementing multiple layers of security controls to protect information
• Least Privilege: Granting users only the minimum level of access necessary to perform their job duties
• Security Awareness Training: Educating employees about information security risks and best practices

Information Security Domains

• Data Security: Protecting data at rest, in transit, and in use
• Network Security: Securing network infrastructure and communications
• Application Security: Ensuring the security of software applications
• Physical Security: Protecting physical assets, such as buildings, equipment, and data centers
• Identity and Access Management (IAM): Managing user identities and controlling access to resources
• Incident Response: Handling and recovering from security incidents
• Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery: Planning for and recovering from disruptions to business operations
• Compliance: Adhering to relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards

Information Security Standards and Frameworks

• ISO 27001: An international standard for information security management systems (ISMS)
• NIST Cybersecurity Framework: A framework developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to help organizations manage and reduce cybersecurity risks
• CIS Controls: A set of prioritized security controls developed by the Center for Internet Security (CIS)
• HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act): A U.S. law that protects the privacy and security of health information
• PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard): A set of security standards for organizations that handle credit card information
• GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation): A European Union law that protects the privacy and personal data of individuals

Risk Management Process

• Risk Identification: Identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities that could harm information assets
• Risk Assessment: Evaluating the likelihood and impact of identified risks
• Risk Mitigation: Implementing security controls to reduce or eliminate identified risks
• Risk Monitoring: Continuously monitoring and reviewing risks and security controls

Incident Response Lifecycle

• Preparation: Establishing policies, procedures, and resources for incident response
• Detection and Analysis: Identifying and analyzing security incidents to determine their scope and impact
• Containment: Isolating affected systems and preventing further damage
• Eradication: Removing the root cause of the incident
• Recovery: Restoring systems and data to normal operations
• Post-Incident Activity: Reviewing the incident and improving security controls

Security Awareness Training Topics

• Password Security: Creating strong passwords and avoiding common password mistakes
• Phishing Awareness: Recognizing and avoiding phishing attacks
• Malware Awareness: Understanding the risks of malware and how to prevent infection
• Social Engineering Awareness: Recognizing and avoiding social engineering tactics
• Data Security: Protecting sensitive data and complying with data privacy regulations
• Mobile Security: Securing mobile devices and data
• Internet Security: Practicing safe online habits
• Physical Security: Protecting physical assets and preventing unauthorized access
• Reporting Security Incidents: Knowing how and when to report security incidents

Key Differences

• Scope: Cybersecurity focuses on digital assets, while Information Security covers all forms of information
• Approach: Cybersecurity emphasizes technical controls, while Information Security includes policies, procedures, and people
• Goal: Cybersecurity aims to prevent cyber attacks, while Information Security aims to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information