Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of threat involves an unauthorized party gaining access to an asset?
What type of threat involves an unauthorized party gaining access to an asset?
- Interception (correct)
- Fabrication
- Interruption
- Modification
What happens when an asset of the system becomes lost, unavailable, or unusable?
What happens when an asset of the system becomes lost, unavailable, or unusable?
- Modification
- Interception
- Interruption (correct)
- Fabrication
What type of threat involves tampering with an asset?
What type of threat involves tampering with an asset?
- Interception
- Modification (correct)
- Fabrication
- Interruption
What is an example of a directed attack?
What is an example of a directed attack?
What is the result of an unauthorized party creating counterfeit objects on a computing system?
What is the result of an unauthorized party creating counterfeit objects on a computing system?
What is the term for unauthorized access to program or data files?
What is the term for unauthorized access to program or data files?
What is a prerequisite for a malicious attacker to succeed?
What is a prerequisite for a malicious attacker to succeed?
What is an example of a hardware vulnerability?
What is an example of a hardware vulnerability?
What is machinicide?
What is machinicide?
What can be inserted into a network communication system by an intruder?
What can be inserted into a network communication system by an intruder?
What is a possible motive for an attacker to perform an attack?
What is a possible motive for an attacker to perform an attack?
How can the security of hardware components be enhanced?
How can the security of hardware components be enhanced?
What is the term used to describe the possibility of harm occurring?
What is the term used to describe the possibility of harm occurring?
What is the primary goal of data encryption in terms of security?
What is the primary goal of data encryption in terms of security?
What is the term used to describe the weakness in a system that can be exploited by a threat?
What is the term used to describe the weakness in a system that can be exploited by a threat?
What is the primary goal of deflecting a threat in terms of security?
What is the primary goal of deflecting a threat in terms of security?
What is the primary goal of incident response in terms of security?
What is the primary goal of incident response in terms of security?
Which of the following is a type of control that addresses the need for confidentiality and integrity of data?
Which of the following is a type of control that addresses the need for confidentiality and integrity of data?
What is the primary goal of deflecting a threat?
What is the primary goal of deflecting a threat?
What is the term used to describe the possibility of harm occurring?
What is the term used to describe the possibility of harm occurring?
What is the primary goal of risk management?
What is the primary goal of risk management?
What is a vulnerability in the context of security?
What is a vulnerability in the context of security?
Which of the following security concepts is NOT directly related to the threat of modification?
Which of the following security concepts is NOT directly related to the threat of modification?
What is the primary goal of preventing an interception threat in terms of security?
What is the primary goal of preventing an interception threat in terms of security?
Which of the following is an example of an interruption threat?
Which of the following is an example of an interruption threat?
What is the primary goal of risk management in relation to threat analysis?
What is the primary goal of risk management in relation to threat analysis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a directed attack?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a directed attack?
What is the primary goal of implementing security controls in terms of threat analysis?
What is the primary goal of implementing security controls in terms of threat analysis?
What is the primary concern of a software alteration attack?
What is the primary concern of a software alteration attack?
What is the purpose of configuration management in a commercial computing center?
What is the purpose of configuration management in a commercial computing center?
What is a characteristic of a logic bomb?
What is a characteristic of a logic bomb?
What is the primary goal of a software deletion attack?
What is the primary goal of a software deletion attack?
What is a common vulnerability of software?
What is a common vulnerability of software?
What is the primary concern of a software modification attack?
What is the primary concern of a software modification attack?
What is the primary purpose of using a key in a scrambled alphabet substitution cipher?
What is the primary purpose of using a key in a scrambled alphabet substitution cipher?
What is the encryption process in a substitution cipher with a key as a sentence?
What is the encryption process in a substitution cipher with a key as a sentence?
What is a characteristic of a one-time pad?
What is a characteristic of a one-time pad?
What is the result of encrypting the message 'gold' using a scrambled alphabet table with key='sand'?
What is the result of encrypting the message 'gold' using a scrambled alphabet table with key='sand'?
What is the purpose of using the alphabet table in a substitution cipher with key as a sentence?
What is the purpose of using the alphabet table in a substitution cipher with key as a sentence?
What is the weakness of using a substitution cipher with a key as a sentence?
What is the weakness of using a substitution cipher with a key as a sentence?
What is the purpose of adding a dummy letter in the message before encryption?
What is the purpose of adding a dummy letter in the message before encryption?
What is the goal of substitution in cryptography?
What is the goal of substitution in cryptography?
What is an encryption algorithm called when it can be broken given enough time and data?
What is an encryption algorithm called when it can be broken given enough time and data?
What is the purpose of transposition in cryptography?
What is the purpose of transposition in cryptography?
What is the challenge in decrypting a 25-character message in just uppercase letters with a given cipher scheme?
What is the challenge in decrypting a 25-character message in just uppercase letters with a given cipher scheme?
What is the primary goal of a secure encryption algorithm?
What is the primary goal of a secure encryption algorithm?
What is the primary purpose of the Caesar cipher in cryptography?
What is the primary purpose of the Caesar cipher in cryptography?
What is the major weakness of the Caesar cipher?
What is the major weakness of the Caesar cipher?
What is the encryption formula for the Caesar cipher?
What is the encryption formula for the Caesar cipher?
What is the decryption formula for the Caesar cipher?
What is the decryption formula for the Caesar cipher?
What type of substitution cipher is the Caesar cipher?
What type of substitution cipher is the Caesar cipher?
What is the advantage of the Caesar cipher?
What is the advantage of the Caesar cipher?
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Study Notes
Risk Management in Computing Security
- Risk refers to the possibility of harm arising from vulnerabilities within a system.
- Strategies to manage risk include preventing attacks, making them harder, deflecting threats, detecting breaches, and recovering from damages.
Types of Attacks
- Directed Attack: Targets specific individuals or organizations with malicious intent.
- Types of Threats:
- Interception: Unauthorized access to assets, compromising confidentiality (e.g., wiretapping).
- Interruption: Assets become lost or unavailable, violating availability (e.g., hardware destruction).
- Modification: Tampering with assets, violating integrity (e.g., altering database values).
- Fabrication: Creation of counterfeit objects in a system, violating authenticity (e.g., inserting fake transactions).
Software Vulnerabilities
- Software Alteration: Can involve truncating interest calculations, leading to financial exploitation.
- Software Deletion: Accidental erasure of files highlights the need for strict configuration management.
- Software Modification: Malicious changes can lead to program failures or unintended behaviors (e.g., logic bombs).
Attacker Profile
- Successful attackers require:
- Method: Skills and tools to execute an attack.
- Opportunity: Time and access to target systems.
- Motive: Reasons such as revenge, fraud, or challenge.
Hardware Vulnerabilities
- Physical Attacks: Can include water damage or direct physical destruction of components.
- Machinicide: Intentional harm to hardware via weapons or vandalism; prevention may involve physical security measures.
Data Controls
- Encryption: Essential for ensuring data confidentiality and integrity by making it unreadable to unauthorized parties.
Cryptography Concepts
- Substitution Cipher: Involves mapping plaintext letters to ciphertext letters using scrambled alphabets or keys.
- Caesar Cipher: A classic method using letter shifting to encrypt messages; simple but vulnerable to pattern recognition.
- One-Time Pads: Considered a perfect cipher due to its unpredictability when used correctly.
Encryption Goals and Challenges
- Confusion and Diffusion: Confusion obfuscates message patterns; diffusion spreads information throughout ciphertext.
- Breakability: An encryption algorithm is considered breakable if it can be deciphered in practical time despite being theoretically secure.
Substitution Techniques
- Simple Substitution: Replaces original message characters with other symbols.
- Key-Based Substitution: Uses keys to organize the alphabet or repeat symbols along with the message for encryption.
Summary of Encryption Practices
- Ciphers like the Caesar cipher exemplify the balance between simplicity and vulnerability.
- Each encryption method has unique strengths and weaknesses affecting its security in practical applications.
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