Cybersecurity Techniques
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What is the main advantage of serverless computing?

  • It abstracts infrastructure management, allowing developers to focus solely on writing and deploying code (correct)
  • It detects malicious software based on behavior
  • It enables multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single physical server
  • It improves process efficiency in security operations

    • Virtualization involves creating an actual version of something, such as a server, operating system, storage device, or network resources.

    False

    Match the following cloud computing concepts with their descriptions:

    Serverless = A cloud computing model where the cloud provider dynamically manages the allocation of resources Virtualization = Involves creating a virtual version of something, such as a server, operating system, storage device, or network resources Containerization = OS-level virtualization method where applications and their dependencies are packaged into containers

    What is the purpose of sending reports to stakeholders regularly and promptly?

    <p>To develop action plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Top 10 lists of vulnerabilities are used to track zero-day vulnerabilities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Service Level Objectives (SLOs) define in a vulnerability management program?

    <p>Goals for timely remediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) and Service Level Agreements (SLAs) can conflict with _______________________ schedules.

    <p>patching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a critical stakeholder for incident response?

    <p>Legal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Legacy and proprietary systems always have available patches.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stakeholders with their roles in incident response:

    <p>Legal = Advises on legal implications and compliance requirements Public Relations = Manages communication with customers, media, and the public Regulatory Bodies = Ensures compliance with reporting requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do action plans based on reports include?

    <p>tasks like configuration management, patching, implementing compensating controls, awareness training, and aligning with business requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting a business impact analysis in cybersecurity?

    <p>To assess the probability of each risk occurring and the potential magnitude of its impact on the organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Risk acceptance is a risk management strategy that involves eliminating or reducing risks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of performing vendor due diligence?

    <p>To mitigate the risk of unforeseen vulnerabilities or breaches originating from vendors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____________________ is a software security testing tool that involves executing code to uncover runtime vulnerabilities and behavior.

    <p>Dynamic Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the risk management strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>Risk Avoidance = Changing business practices to eliminate or reduce risks Risk Mitigation = Reducing the probability or impact of risks through preventive measures Risk Transference = Shifting some risk to a third party, such as through insurance or outsourcing Risk Acceptance = Acknowledging the existence of a risk and continuing normal operations while monitoring and managing the risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of cybersecurity analysts when identifying potential risks?

    <p>To identify all potential risks facing the organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Verifying _______________________ authenticity ensures that hardware components have not been tampered with after leaving the vendor's control.

    <p>hardware source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first phase of the Cybersecurity Incident Response Process?

    <p>Preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Every event necessarily constitutes an incident.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of security event indicators?

    <p>Alerts from IDPS, logs generated by operating systems, publicly available information on new vulnerabilities and exploits, reports from internal personnel or external sources indicating suspicious activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______________ phase of the Cybersecurity Incident Response Process involves monitoring and identifying potential security incidents.

    <p>Detection and Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in on-premises networks?

    <p>Perimeter security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Incident Response Policy?

    <p>To establish the framework and authority for incident response efforts at a high level within the organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Software-Defined Networking (SDN) uses hardware-based controllers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Procedures are strategic guidelines for incident response efforts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Network Segmentation?

    <p>To improve security and performance by limiting the impact of breaches and controlling network traffic flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zero Trust is a security model that assumes no trust within or outside the network _______________________.

    <p>perimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>i. Incident Response Policy = Establishes the framework and authority for incident response efforts ii. Procedures = Detailed tactical instructions for incident response activities iii. Preparation = First phase of the Cybersecurity Incident Response Process iv. Containment, Eradication, and Recovery = Prevents further damage, eradicates the cause, and restores affected systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following authentication methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Multifactor Authentication (MFA) = Requires users to provide two or more verification factors Passwordless Authentication = Methods like biometrics or cryptographic keys to authenticate without passwords Single Sign-On (SSO) = Allows users to access multiple applications with a single set of credentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______________ phase of the Cybersecurity Incident Response Process involves conducting lessons learned sessions and documenting the incident response process.

    <p>Post-Incident Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASB)?

    <p>To enforce security policies in cloud environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Privileged Access Management (PAM) is used to control and monitor non-privileged accounts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hybrid networks combine _______________________ and cloud environments.

    <p>on-premises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reverse Engineering Techniques

    • Sandboxing: Detects malicious software based on behavior rather than signatures, providing a safe environment to analyze potential threats.
    • Disassembling software: Reveals components and functionality, though complex and time-consuming.

    Machine Learning in Cybersecurity

    • Automates analysis of vast security data, extracting valuable insights and patterns to identify potential threats.
    • Enhances security tool capability by learning from previous experiences and improving detection and response times.

    Efficiency and Process Improvements in Security Operations

    • Streamlining operations, standardizing processes, and integrating tools enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of cybersecurity analysts.
    • Reduces errors, improves response times, and ensures consistent application of security measures.

    Serverless, Virtualization, and Containerization Concepts

    • Serverless: Cloud computing model where the cloud provider dynamically manages resource allocation, abstracting infrastructure management.
    • Virtualization: Creates a virtual version of something, enabling multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single physical server.
    • Containerization: OS-level virtualization method where applications and dependencies are packaged into containers.

    Network Architecture Concepts and Technologies

    • On-premises, Cloud, and Hybrid Networks:
      • On-premises: Infrastructure hosted locally within an organization.
      • Cloud: Services and resources delivered via the internet by a cloud provider.
      • Hybrid: Combination of on-premises and cloud environments, providing flexibility and scalability.
    • Security Concerns: Each model has unique security challenges.
    • Network Segmentation: Divides a network into smaller segments to improve security and performance, limiting the impact of breaches and controlling network traffic flow.
    • Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Zero Trust, Secure Access Service Edge (SASE):
      • SDN: Centralized management of network traffic using software-based controllers.
      • Zero Trust: Security model that assumes no trust within or outside the network perimeter, requiring strict access controls and verification.
      • SASE: Integration of networking and security functions to support secure access from anywhere.

    Identity and Access Management

    • Multifactor Authentication (MFA): Requires two or more verification factors to gain access.
    • Passwordless Authentication: Methods like biometrics or cryptographic keys to authenticate without passwords.
    • Single Sign-On (SSO): Allows users to access multiple applications with a single set of credentials.
    • Federation: Collaboration between different identity management systems to enable seamless access across organizations.
    • Privileged Access Management (PAM): Controls and monitors privileged accounts to prevent misuse and unauthorized access.
    • Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASB): Security policy enforcement points that sit between cloud service consumers and cloud service providers to secure cloud environments.

    Risk Management

    • Cybersecurity analysts identify potential risks, conduct a business impact analysis, and prioritize risks based on probability and impact.
    • Vendors as a Source of External Risk: Vendors introduce external risks; performing vendor due diligence helps mitigate these risks.
    • Risk Management Strategies:
      • Risk Avoidance: Changes business practices to eliminate or reduce risks.
      • Risk Mitigation: Reduces the probability or impact of risks through preventive measures.
      • Risk Transference: Shifts some risk to a third party, such as through insurance or outsourcing.
      • Risk Acceptance: Acknowledges the existence of a risk and continues normal operations while monitoring and managing the risk.

    Software Security Testing Tools

    • Static Code Analysis: Analyzes code structure and content without executing it, identifying potential vulnerabilities.
    • Dynamic Analysis: Executes code to uncover runtime vulnerabilities and behavior.
    • Fuzzing: Sends malformed or unexpected inputs to applications to uncover vulnerabilities.
    • Debuggers: Analyzes and understands the behavior of executable code, aiding in identifying vulnerabilities or unintended behaviors.

    Incident Response

    • Every incident comprises one or more events, but not every event necessarily constitutes an incident.
    • Four Phases of Cybersecurity Incident Response Process:
      • Preparation: Establishes an incident response team, defines roles and responsibilities, develops policies and procedures, and implements necessary tools and technologies.
      • Detection and Analysis: Monitors and identifies potential security incidents, analyzes the nature and scope of detected incidents.
      • Containment, Eradication, and Recovery: Contains the incident to prevent further damage, eradicates the cause of the incident, and restores affected systems to normal operation.
      • Post-Incident Activities: Conducts lessons learned sessions, documents the incident response process, and improves incident response procedures based on feedback and analysis.
    • Security Event Indicators:
      • Alerts from IDPS, SIEM systems, antivirus software, and file integrity checking tools.
      • Logs generated by operating systems, services, applications, network devices, and network flows.
      • Publicly available information on new vulnerabilities and exploits detected in real-world environments or controlled settings.
      • Reports from internal personnel or external sources indicating suspicious activities that may suggest ongoing security incidents.

    Policies, Procedures, and Playbooks in Incident Response

    • Incident Response Policy: Establishes the framework and authority for incident response efforts at a high level within the organization.
    • Procedures: Detailed tactical instructions that guide CSIRT members during incident response activities.
    • Reports should be sent to stakeholders regularly and promptly, including compliance reports for regulatory purposes.

    Vulnerability Management Metrics and KPIs

    • Trend data: Indicates whether the vulnerability management program is effective or if new issues are emerging frequently.
    • Top 10 lists: Identify the most common vulnerabilities within the organization, guiding prioritization efforts.
    • Critical vulnerability lists: Focus attention on the most severe vulnerabilities that pose significant risk.
    • Tracking zero-day vulnerabilities: Presents challenges due to their unexpected nature but may be required by leadership for awareness.
    • Service level objectives (SLOs): Define goals for timely remediation and measure whether the organization meets these goals effectively.

    Inhibitors to Remediation

    • Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) and Service Level Agreements (SLAs): Define uptime and performance targets that may conflict with patching schedules.
    • Organizational governance: Introduces processes that can slow down or add requirements to patching procedures.
    • Business process interruption: Concerns about disruptions or degraded functionality due to patching activities.
    • Legacy and proprietary systems: Lack of available patches or difficulty in installing patches without losing vendor support can hinder remediation efforts.

    Critical Stakeholders for Incident Response

    • Stakeholders for incident response include:
      • Legal: Advises on legal implications and compliance requirements.
      • Public relations: Manages communication with customers, media, and the public.
      • Regulatory bodies: Ensures compliance with reporting requirements.

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    This quiz covers advanced techniques in cybersecurity, including reverse engineering and machine learning in threat detection and analysis.

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