Questions and Answers
What is the main advantage of serverless computing?
Virtualization involves creating an actual version of something, such as a server, operating system, storage device, or network resources.
False
Match the following cloud computing concepts with their descriptions:
Serverless = A cloud computing model where the cloud provider dynamically manages the allocation of resources Virtualization = Involves creating a virtual version of something, such as a server, operating system, storage device, or network resources Containerization = OS-level virtualization method where applications and their dependencies are packaged into containers
What is the purpose of sending reports to stakeholders regularly and promptly?
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Top 10 lists of vulnerabilities are used to track zero-day vulnerabilities.
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What do Service Level Objectives (SLOs) define in a vulnerability management program?
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Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) and Service Level Agreements (SLAs) can conflict with _______________________ schedules.
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Which of the following is a critical stakeholder for incident response?
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Legacy and proprietary systems always have available patches.
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Match the following stakeholders with their roles in incident response:
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What do action plans based on reports include?
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What is the purpose of conducting a business impact analysis in cybersecurity?
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Risk acceptance is a risk management strategy that involves eliminating or reducing risks.
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What is the main purpose of performing vendor due diligence?
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_____________________ is a software security testing tool that involves executing code to uncover runtime vulnerabilities and behavior.
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Match the risk management strategies with their descriptions:
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What is the primary goal of cybersecurity analysts when identifying potential risks?
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Verifying _______________________ authenticity ensures that hardware components have not been tampered with after leaving the vendor's control.
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What is the first phase of the Cybersecurity Incident Response Process?
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Every event necessarily constitutes an incident.
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What are some examples of security event indicators?
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The ______________ phase of the Cybersecurity Incident Response Process involves monitoring and identifying potential security incidents.
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What is the primary concern in on-premises networks?
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What is the purpose of an Incident Response Policy?
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Software-Defined Networking (SDN) uses hardware-based controllers.
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Procedures are strategic guidelines for incident response efforts.
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What is the main purpose of Network Segmentation?
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Zero Trust is a security model that assumes no trust within or outside the network _______________________.
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Match the following with their corresponding descriptions:
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Match the following authentication methods with their descriptions:
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The ______________ phase of the Cybersecurity Incident Response Process involves conducting lessons learned sessions and documenting the incident response process.
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What is the main purpose of Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASB)?
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Privileged Access Management (PAM) is used to control and monitor non-privileged accounts.
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Hybrid networks combine _______________________ and cloud environments.
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Study Notes
Reverse Engineering Techniques
- Sandboxing: Detects malicious software based on behavior rather than signatures, providing a safe environment to analyze potential threats.
- Disassembling software: Reveals components and functionality, though complex and time-consuming.
Machine Learning in Cybersecurity
- Automates analysis of vast security data, extracting valuable insights and patterns to identify potential threats.
- Enhances security tool capability by learning from previous experiences and improving detection and response times.
Efficiency and Process Improvements in Security Operations
- Streamlining operations, standardizing processes, and integrating tools enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of cybersecurity analysts.
- Reduces errors, improves response times, and ensures consistent application of security measures.
Serverless, Virtualization, and Containerization Concepts
- Serverless: Cloud computing model where the cloud provider dynamically manages resource allocation, abstracting infrastructure management.
- Virtualization: Creates a virtual version of something, enabling multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single physical server.
- Containerization: OS-level virtualization method where applications and dependencies are packaged into containers.
Network Architecture Concepts and Technologies
- On-premises, Cloud, and Hybrid Networks:
- On-premises: Infrastructure hosted locally within an organization.
- Cloud: Services and resources delivered via the internet by a cloud provider.
- Hybrid: Combination of on-premises and cloud environments, providing flexibility and scalability.
- Security Concerns: Each model has unique security challenges.
- Network Segmentation: Divides a network into smaller segments to improve security and performance, limiting the impact of breaches and controlling network traffic flow.
- Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Zero Trust, Secure Access Service Edge (SASE):
- SDN: Centralized management of network traffic using software-based controllers.
- Zero Trust: Security model that assumes no trust within or outside the network perimeter, requiring strict access controls and verification.
- SASE: Integration of networking and security functions to support secure access from anywhere.
Identity and Access Management
- Multifactor Authentication (MFA): Requires two or more verification factors to gain access.
- Passwordless Authentication: Methods like biometrics or cryptographic keys to authenticate without passwords.
- Single Sign-On (SSO): Allows users to access multiple applications with a single set of credentials.
- Federation: Collaboration between different identity management systems to enable seamless access across organizations.
- Privileged Access Management (PAM): Controls and monitors privileged accounts to prevent misuse and unauthorized access.
- Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASB): Security policy enforcement points that sit between cloud service consumers and cloud service providers to secure cloud environments.
Risk Management
- Cybersecurity analysts identify potential risks, conduct a business impact analysis, and prioritize risks based on probability and impact.
- Vendors as a Source of External Risk: Vendors introduce external risks; performing vendor due diligence helps mitigate these risks.
- Risk Management Strategies:
- Risk Avoidance: Changes business practices to eliminate or reduce risks.
- Risk Mitigation: Reduces the probability or impact of risks through preventive measures.
- Risk Transference: Shifts some risk to a third party, such as through insurance or outsourcing.
- Risk Acceptance: Acknowledges the existence of a risk and continues normal operations while monitoring and managing the risk.
Software Security Testing Tools
- Static Code Analysis: Analyzes code structure and content without executing it, identifying potential vulnerabilities.
- Dynamic Analysis: Executes code to uncover runtime vulnerabilities and behavior.
- Fuzzing: Sends malformed or unexpected inputs to applications to uncover vulnerabilities.
- Debuggers: Analyzes and understands the behavior of executable code, aiding in identifying vulnerabilities or unintended behaviors.
Incident Response
- Every incident comprises one or more events, but not every event necessarily constitutes an incident.
- Four Phases of Cybersecurity Incident Response Process:
- Preparation: Establishes an incident response team, defines roles and responsibilities, develops policies and procedures, and implements necessary tools and technologies.
- Detection and Analysis: Monitors and identifies potential security incidents, analyzes the nature and scope of detected incidents.
- Containment, Eradication, and Recovery: Contains the incident to prevent further damage, eradicates the cause of the incident, and restores affected systems to normal operation.
- Post-Incident Activities: Conducts lessons learned sessions, documents the incident response process, and improves incident response procedures based on feedback and analysis.
- Security Event Indicators:
- Alerts from IDPS, SIEM systems, antivirus software, and file integrity checking tools.
- Logs generated by operating systems, services, applications, network devices, and network flows.
- Publicly available information on new vulnerabilities and exploits detected in real-world environments or controlled settings.
- Reports from internal personnel or external sources indicating suspicious activities that may suggest ongoing security incidents.
Policies, Procedures, and Playbooks in Incident Response
- Incident Response Policy: Establishes the framework and authority for incident response efforts at a high level within the organization.
- Procedures: Detailed tactical instructions that guide CSIRT members during incident response activities.
- Reports should be sent to stakeholders regularly and promptly, including compliance reports for regulatory purposes.
Vulnerability Management Metrics and KPIs
- Trend data: Indicates whether the vulnerability management program is effective or if new issues are emerging frequently.
- Top 10 lists: Identify the most common vulnerabilities within the organization, guiding prioritization efforts.
- Critical vulnerability lists: Focus attention on the most severe vulnerabilities that pose significant risk.
- Tracking zero-day vulnerabilities: Presents challenges due to their unexpected nature but may be required by leadership for awareness.
- Service level objectives (SLOs): Define goals for timely remediation and measure whether the organization meets these goals effectively.
Inhibitors to Remediation
- Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) and Service Level Agreements (SLAs): Define uptime and performance targets that may conflict with patching schedules.
- Organizational governance: Introduces processes that can slow down or add requirements to patching procedures.
- Business process interruption: Concerns about disruptions or degraded functionality due to patching activities.
- Legacy and proprietary systems: Lack of available patches or difficulty in installing patches without losing vendor support can hinder remediation efforts.
Critical Stakeholders for Incident Response
- Stakeholders for incident response include:
- Legal: Advises on legal implications and compliance requirements.
- Public relations: Manages communication with customers, media, and the public.
- Regulatory bodies: Ensures compliance with reporting requirements.
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Description
This quiz covers advanced techniques in cybersecurity, including reverse engineering and machine learning in threat detection and analysis.
