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Questions and Answers
Which type of attack involves injecting malicious data into a web application to manipulate the application and fetch information?
Which type of attack involves injecting malicious data into a web application to manipulate the application and fetch information?
DNS Spoofing involves sending a large number of requests to a server to cause it to crash.
DNS Spoofing involves sending a large number of requests to a server to cause it to crash.
False (B)
What type of attack involves stealing cookies to gain access to user data?
What type of attack involves stealing cookies to gain access to user data?
Session Hijacking
A _______ attack attempts to steal sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication.
A _______ attack attempts to steal sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication.
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Which attack uses a trial and error method by generating a large number of guesses to obtain actual data?
Which attack uses a trial and error method by generating a large number of guesses to obtain actual data?
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A denial of service attack uses multiple compromised systems to overwhelm a target server.
A denial of service attack uses multiple compromised systems to overwhelm a target server.
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Match the following attack types with their descriptions:
Match the following attack types with their descriptions:
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Which of these is NOT a category of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks?
Which of these is NOT a category of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks?
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Which of the following best describes the primary motivation of cybercriminals?
Which of the following best describes the primary motivation of cybercriminals?
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Hacktivists are primarily motivated by financial gain.
Hacktivists are primarily motivated by financial gain.
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What are the three broad ways that cybercriminals use computers to do cybercrimes?
What are the three broad ways that cybercriminals use computers to do cybercrimes?
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A state-sponsored attacker's objectives are aligned with the political, commercial, or ________ interests of their country.
A state-sponsored attacker's objectives are aligned with the political, commercial, or ________ interests of their country.
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Match the attacker type with their primary objective:
Match the attacker type with their primary objective:
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What does Dan Lohrmann describe as 'digital disobedience'?
What does Dan Lohrmann describe as 'digital disobedience'?
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State-sponsored attackers often operate with limited resources.
State-sponsored attackers often operate with limited resources.
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Attackers attempt to destroy, expose, alter, disable, steal, or gain ________ access to an asset.
Attackers attempt to destroy, expose, alter, disable, steal, or gain ________ access to an asset.
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What type of insider threat is typically associated with revenge against an organization?
What type of insider threat is typically associated with revenge against an organization?
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Accidental threats are intentional actions taken by employees to harm an organization's data.
Accidental threats are intentional actions taken by employees to harm an organization's data.
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What is an example of a negligent threat?
What is an example of a negligent threat?
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Malicious insider threats can sometimes be disguised by __________ through financial incentives or extortion.
Malicious insider threats can sometimes be disguised by __________ through financial incentives or extortion.
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Match the insider threat type with its description:
Match the insider threat type with its description:
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Which of the following best describes a negligent threat?
Which of the following best describes a negligent threat?
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Accidental threats can be considered malicious if they result in data breaches.
Accidental threats can be considered malicious if they result in data breaches.
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What might motivate an employee to engage in a malicious insider threat?
What might motivate an employee to engage in a malicious insider threat?
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Which type of attack allows an attacker to intercept the connection between a client and a server?
Which type of attack allows an attacker to intercept the connection between a client and a server?
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A Trojan horse disguises itself as a reliable application to execute malicious code.
A Trojan horse disguises itself as a reliable application to execute malicious code.
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What is a virus in terms of computer security?
What is a virus in terms of computer security?
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A _______ is a malware that primarily spreads by replicating itself to uninfected computers.
A _______ is a malware that primarily spreads by replicating itself to uninfected computers.
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Match the following types of attacks with their descriptions:
Match the following types of attacks with their descriptions:
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What is the purpose of a bot in network services?
What is the purpose of a bot in network services?
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File Inclusion attacks enable attackers to execute files that should remain secured or access unauthorized files.
File Inclusion attacks enable attackers to execute files that should remain secured or access unauthorized files.
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Define a backdoor in the context of computer security.
Define a backdoor in the context of computer security.
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Who sent the first electronic message, and what was it intended to say?
Who sent the first electronic message, and what was it intended to say?
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The program 'Creeper' was the first antivirus software created.
The program 'Creeper' was the first antivirus software created.
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What message did the program 'Creeper' print?
What message did the program 'Creeper' print?
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In 1970's, the first computer worm was named _____ and the first antivirus software was named _____.
In 1970's, the first computer worm was named _____ and the first antivirus software was named _____.
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Match the following individuals to their contributions:
Match the following individuals to their contributions:
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What concern has the increase in cyber-attacks highlighted in organizations?
What concern has the increase in cyber-attacks highlighted in organizations?
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The origin of cybersecurity is directly associated with the development of the first email.
The origin of cybersecurity is directly associated with the development of the first email.
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What key action do organizations need to take regarding their sensitive data?
What key action do organizations need to take regarding their sensitive data?
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What was the primary purpose of the Morris worm?
What was the primary purpose of the Morris worm?
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The CIA triad stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Accountability.
The CIA triad stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Accountability.
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Who caught Marcus Hess before he could sell military secrets?
Who caught Marcus Hess before he could sell military secrets?
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The objectives of Cybersecurity include protecting information from being stolen, compromised, or __________.
The objectives of Cybersecurity include protecting information from being stolen, compromised, or __________.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Which hacker is known for hacking into 400 military computers in 1986?
Which hacker is known for hacking into 400 military computers in 1986?
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The Computer Emergency Response Team was established following the first known internet worm incident.
The Computer Emergency Response Team was established following the first known internet worm incident.
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With every new development in technology, there comes an aspect of __________.
With every new development in technology, there comes an aspect of __________.
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Study Notes
Cybersecurity Introduction
- Cybersecurity encompasses people, processes, and technologies to reduce threats, vulnerabilities, and international engagement.
- It involves incident response, resiliency, and recovery policies.
- Cybersecurity protects internet-connected systems (hardware, software, data) from cyberattacks.
- It includes systems security, network security, and application/information security.
- Cybersecurity protects networks, devices, programs, and data from unauthorized access, theft, damage, and modification.
- Cybersecurity is a fundamental function to protect critical business operations.
Cybersecurity Goals
- The objective of cybersecurity is to protect information from theft, compromise, or attack.
- Three key goals measure cybersecurity: confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
- Confidentiality ensures that information is protected from unauthorized access.
- Integrity ensures the accuracy and reliability of information.
- Availability ensures authorized users can access information when needed.
Tools for Confidentiality
- Encryption transforms information into an unreadable format (cipher text) for unauthorized users.
- Access control defines rules and policies to limit access to resources (system, physical, or virtual).
- Authentication verifies a user's identity through credentials.
Tools for Integrity
- Backups create copies of data for restoration in case of loss or destruction.
- Checksums verify data integrity by generating a unique numerical value.
Tools for Availability
- Physical protections safeguard information technology assets in secure locations.
- Computational redundancies provide failover systems for continuous operations.
Types of Cyber Attacks and Attackers
- Cyberattacks exploit computer systems and networks to gain malicious access to data and systems.
- Web-based attacks target websites and applications.
- System-based attacks target computer hardware and software.
- Attackers include individuals and groups with various motivations (profit, political, etc) including cybercriminals, hacktivists, state-sponsored attackers, and insider threats.
Insider Threats
- Insider threats are security risks originating from within an organization.
- Categories include malicious (deliberate harm), accidental (unintentional errors), and negligent (failure to follow procedure).
Cybersecurity as a necessity
- Cybersecurity is critical to protect sensitive data and operations of all businesses, from online transactions to critical national infrastructure.
- Cybersecurity efforts are crucial to maintain stable information flow, maintain confidentiality, and provide data to authorized users.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of cybersecurity, focusing on its importance in protecting information systems and networks. It discusses key concepts such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability that are central to cybersecurity objectives. Prepare to explore the necessary policies and processes that help secure critical business operations.
