Cybersecurity History Overview

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary consequence of the Morris Worm released in 1988?

  • It caused damages to over 6000 computers (correct)
  • It improved Internet security measures
  • It led to the arrest of several hackers
  • It crashed the MILNET

The Legion of Doom was proven to be responsible for the AT&T crash.

False (B)

Who was the Cornell student credited with releasing the Morris Worm?

Robert Morris

The first teen to be incarcerated for hacking was named ______.

<p>cOmrade</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hackers with their descriptions:

<p>Kevin Mitnick = Perhaps the most famous hacker Terminus = Unix programmer &amp; AT&amp;T minicomputer expert Shadowhawk = Breaking and entering into U.S. Missile Command Kyrie = One of the few female hackers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What resulted from the investigation by the Secret Service regarding the AT&T crash?

<p>Embarrassment due to overreaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

MILNET was compromised by a KGB-employed hacker through a secure network.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Morris Worm's release in 1988?

<p>It resulted in the conviction of Robert Morris under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Legion of Doom was definitely responsible for the AT&T crash.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year was MILNET discovered compromised?

<p>1986</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robert Morris was a student at ______ when he released the Morris Worm.

<p>Cornell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hackers was known for breaking into U.S. Missile Command?

<p>Shadowhawk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hacker with their notable achievement:

<p>Kevin Mitnick = Perhaps the most famous hacker cOmrade = First teen incarcerated for hacking Terminus = Unix programmer &amp; AT&amp;T minicomputer expert Kyrie = One of the few female hackers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event did the AT&T crash demonstrate regarding the telephone system?

<p>Vulnerability</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary cause of the AT&T crash?

<p>A software failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robert Morris was convicted for releasing the Morris Worm in violation of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first female hacker mentioned?

<p>Kyrie</p> Signup and view all the answers

The self-replicating program released by Robert Morris is known as the _____ Worm.

<p>Morris</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following early hackers with their notable actions:

<p>Kevin Mitnick = Perhaps the most famous hacker cOmrade = First teen incarcerated for hacking Terminus = Unix programmer &amp; AT&amp;T minicomputer expert Shadowhawk = Breaking and entering into U.S. Missile Command</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the Secret Service's investigation into the AT&T crash?

<p>They embarrassed themselves through overreaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The KGB-employed hacker entered MILNET through a secure network.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT associated with phreaking?

<p>Phishing emails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phreakers can only use equipment that has existed since the telecommunications systems were first created.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for stealing and selling access codes in phreaking?

<p>call-sell operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phreaking involves the manipulation of telecommunications carriers for knowledge and/or ______ of applicable services.

<p>theft</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phreaking methods with their descriptions:

<p>Shoulder surfing = Observing someone entering access codes Blue boxes = Devices for making free calls Social engineering = Manipulation for gaining information Call-sell operations = Selling stolen access codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method associated with phreaking?

<p>Hacking into secure databases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social engineering techniques, such as shoulder surfing, are commonly used in phreaking.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a blue box in the context of phreaking?

<p>A device that deceives the switching system to allow free calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The illegal selling of stolen access codes in phreaking is referred to as ______ operations.

<p>call-sell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phreaking methods with their descriptions:

<p>Shoulder Surfing = Stealing codes while people are dialing Blue Boxes = Devices to manipulate switching systems Call-sell Operations = Theft and sale of stolen access codes Social Engineering = Psychological manipulation to gain confidential information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods involves manipulating codes while people are dialing?

<p>Shoulder surfing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blue boxes are devices used to make calls for free by deceiving switching systems.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the practice of stealing and selling access codes in phreaking commonly referred to as?

<p>call-sell operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phreaking involves manipulation of telecommunications carriers for knowledge and/or ______ of applicable services.

<p>theft</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phreaking methods with their descriptions:

<p>Shoulder surfing = Observing someone entering a code Blue boxing = Using devices to bypass charges Call-sell operations = Selling stolen access codes Social engineering = Manipulating people to gain information</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

MILNET Security Breach

  • MILNET was compromised by a KGB-affiliated hacker using Tymnet as an independent data carrier.
  • Discovery of the breach occurred in 1986 by a programmer at UC Berkeley, highlighting significant security vulnerabilities.

Morris Worm Incident

  • Released in 1988 by Robert Morris, a student from Cornell University.
  • The self-replicating worm infected over 6000 computers, leading to damages estimated in millions.
  • Morris was convicted under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act for this incident.

AT&T Crash

  • A major telephone system crash attributed to software failure showcased the fragility of communication infrastructures.
  • The event was linked to the hacking group known as the Legion of Doom, whose actual extent of involvement remains ambiguous.
  • Investigation by the Secret Service uncovered participants’ bragging and the leaking of a crucial safety document.
  • Steve Jackson’s Games was wrongly considered a key player in the incidents, leading to overzealous federal law enforcement reactions that later embarrassed the agency.

Notable Early Hackers

  • Kevin Mitnick emerged as one of the most infamous hackers of his time.
  • cOmrade holds the distinction of being the first teenager incarcerated for hacking-related offenses.
  • Terminus was recognized as an expert in Unix programming and AT&T minicomputers.
  • Shadowhawk was involved in breaking into U.S. Missile Command facilities.
  • Kyrie stands out as one of the few well-known female hackers in the early hacking community.

MILNET Security Breach

  • MILNET was compromised by a KGB-affiliated hacker using Tymnet as an independent data carrier.
  • Discovery of the breach occurred in 1986 by a programmer at UC Berkeley, highlighting significant security vulnerabilities.

Morris Worm Incident

  • Released in 1988 by Robert Morris, a student from Cornell University.
  • The self-replicating worm infected over 6000 computers, leading to damages estimated in millions.
  • Morris was convicted under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act for this incident.

AT&T Crash

  • A major telephone system crash attributed to software failure showcased the fragility of communication infrastructures.
  • The event was linked to the hacking group known as the Legion of Doom, whose actual extent of involvement remains ambiguous.
  • Investigation by the Secret Service uncovered participants’ bragging and the leaking of a crucial safety document.
  • Steve Jackson’s Games was wrongly considered a key player in the incidents, leading to overzealous federal law enforcement reactions that later embarrassed the agency.

Notable Early Hackers

  • Kevin Mitnick emerged as one of the most infamous hackers of his time.
  • cOmrade holds the distinction of being the first teenager incarcerated for hacking-related offenses.
  • Terminus was recognized as an expert in Unix programming and AT&T minicomputers.
  • Shadowhawk was involved in breaking into U.S. Missile Command facilities.
  • Kyrie stands out as one of the few well-known female hackers in the early hacking community.

MILNET Security Breach

  • MILNET was compromised by a KGB-affiliated hacker using Tymnet as an independent data carrier.
  • Discovery of the breach occurred in 1986 by a programmer at UC Berkeley, highlighting significant security vulnerabilities.

Morris Worm Incident

  • Released in 1988 by Robert Morris, a student from Cornell University.
  • The self-replicating worm infected over 6000 computers, leading to damages estimated in millions.
  • Morris was convicted under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act for this incident.

AT&T Crash

  • A major telephone system crash attributed to software failure showcased the fragility of communication infrastructures.
  • The event was linked to the hacking group known as the Legion of Doom, whose actual extent of involvement remains ambiguous.
  • Investigation by the Secret Service uncovered participants’ bragging and the leaking of a crucial safety document.
  • Steve Jackson’s Games was wrongly considered a key player in the incidents, leading to overzealous federal law enforcement reactions that later embarrassed the agency.

Notable Early Hackers

  • Kevin Mitnick emerged as one of the most infamous hackers of his time.
  • cOmrade holds the distinction of being the first teenager incarcerated for hacking-related offenses.
  • Terminus was recognized as an expert in Unix programming and AT&T minicomputers.
  • Shadowhawk was involved in breaking into U.S. Missile Command facilities.
  • Kyrie stands out as one of the few well-known female hackers in the early hacking community.

Overview of Phreaking

  • Phreaking involves manipulating telecommunications systems to gather information or obtain services without payment.
  • It encompasses illegal activities such as unauthorized use of access codes, tones, PBXs (Private Branch Exchanges), or switches.

Methods of Phreaking

  • Social Engineering Techniques:

    • Involves tactics like shoulder surfing to collect access codes while individuals are making calls.
  • Blue Boxes:

    • Devices that trick switching systems, allowing users to make free calls by manipulating the telephone network.
  • Evolving Strategies:

    • As technology advanced, older methods became less effective, prompting the development of new strategies.
    • One modern approach includes the theft and sale of stolen access codes through "call-sell" operations.

Overview of Phreaking

  • Phreaking involves manipulating telecommunications systems to gather information or obtain services without payment.
  • It encompasses illegal activities such as unauthorized use of access codes, tones, PBXs (Private Branch Exchanges), or switches.

Methods of Phreaking

  • Social Engineering Techniques:

    • Involves tactics like shoulder surfing to collect access codes while individuals are making calls.
  • Blue Boxes:

    • Devices that trick switching systems, allowing users to make free calls by manipulating the telephone network.
  • Evolving Strategies:

    • As technology advanced, older methods became less effective, prompting the development of new strategies.
    • One modern approach includes the theft and sale of stolen access codes through "call-sell" operations.

Overview of Phreaking

  • Phreaking involves manipulating telecommunications systems to gather information or obtain services without payment.
  • It encompasses illegal activities such as unauthorized use of access codes, tones, PBXs (Private Branch Exchanges), or switches.

Methods of Phreaking

  • Social Engineering Techniques:

    • Involves tactics like shoulder surfing to collect access codes while individuals are making calls.
  • Blue Boxes:

    • Devices that trick switching systems, allowing users to make free calls by manipulating the telephone network.
  • Evolving Strategies:

    • As technology advanced, older methods became less effective, prompting the development of new strategies.
    • One modern approach includes the theft and sale of stolen access codes through "call-sell" operations.

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