26 Questions
What is the concept that refers to the ability of a system to withstand, recover, or adapt to climate-related hazards?
Resilience
What is the focus of Environmental Justice?
Fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens
What is the purpose of the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs)?
To illustrate the consequences of different socio-economic development pathways
What is the term for the process of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation?
REDD+
What is the term for unsuccessful or counterproductive adaptation to climate change?
Maladaptation
What is the focus of Governance in the context of climate change?
International agreements
What is the term for the ability of a system to absorb and recover from disturbances?
Resilience
What is the term for the state of being susceptible to climate-related hazards?
Vulnerability
What is the term for the process of reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
Mitigation
What is the main objective of the Kyoto Protocol?
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
What is the term used to describe the time in which humans have impacted the Earth systems?
Anthropocene
What is the name of the graph that shows the record of atmospheric CO2 from the Mauna Loa Observatory?
The Keeling Curve
What is the term used to describe the total human presence throughout the Earth system?
Anthroposphere
What is the term used to describe the process of exchanging goods and resources between the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa?
Columbian Exchange
What is the term used to describe the capacity of a system to withstand or recover from disturbances?
Resilience
What is the term used to describe the process of adapting to climate change in a way that is counterproductive or increases vulnerability?
Maladaptation
What is the term used to describe the situation where a system is pushed beyond its tipping point, leading to sudden and irreversible changes?
Tipping Elements
What is the term used to describe the concept of staying within the limits of the Earth's natural resources and avoiding dangerous environmental change?
Planetary Boundaries
What is the primary focus of the concept of exposure in the context of vulnerability?
The locations that are vulnerable to hazards and negative effects
What is the main difference between resilience and sensitivity in the context of vulnerability?
Resilience focuses on the ability to withstand hazards, while sensitivity focuses on the social-ecological systems
What is the primary goal of adaptation in the context of vulnerability?
To reduce vulnerability by minimizing exposure and/or enhancing resilience
What is an example of maladaptation?
Converting natural habitats to agricultural land to increase food production
What is the focus of the Descriptive Integrative Multi-scalar Normative approach in the context of vulnerability?
To document existing vulnerabilities and relate them to places defined at various scales
What is the primary focus of the concept of vulnerability in the context of socio-ecological systems?
The exposure of social-ecological systems to hazards and negative effects
What is the relationship between resilience and vulnerability?
Resilience is the opposite of vulnerability
What is the primary goal of studying vulnerability in the context of socio-ecological systems?
To reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience
Study Notes
Environmental Justice
- Environmental justice is about fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens
- It involves recognition of environmental injustices and promotes participatory justice
- There are four types of justice: redistribution, recognition, capabilities, and participation
Climate Scenarios
- IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) assesses future climate change impacts using five illustrative scenarios called Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP)
- SSP1-1.9, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 are the scenarios modelled for severity of impacts
- Global warming is limited to 1.5°C, 2°C, 3°C, or 4°C in these scenarios
Climate Commitments
- Australia has a process in reducing climate change, which involves setting emission reduction targets
- The Kyoto Protocol and REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) are initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Vulnerability
- Vulnerability refers to the capacity of a system to anticipate, cope with, and recover from the impacts of climate change
- Exposure, sensitivity, and resilience are key components of vulnerability
- Adaptation and maladaptation are responses to reduce vulnerability
The Biosphere
- The biosphere interacts with Earth systems, for example, through photosynthesis and global carbon dynamics
- The Keeling Curve shows the record of atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory since 1958
The Anthroposphere
- The anthroposphere refers to the total human presence throughout the Earth system
- The Anthropocene is a time in which humans have significantly impacted the Earth's systems
- The Columbian Exchange was a trading system between the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa
Tipping Elements in the Earth Systems
- Tipping elements are components of the Earth system that can undergo abrupt and irreversible change
- Examples of tipping elements include the melting of Arctic sea ice and thedie-off of coral reefs
Population
- The population debate revolves around the question of whether the world has too many people to stay within planetary boundaries
- Key points of disagreements in the population debates include the role of consumption and technology in driving environmental degradation
This quiz covers key concepts related to cybersecurity governance and vulnerability, including critiques and environmental factors.
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