Cybersecurity Fundamentals Quiz

The first generation of computers were characterized by their use of vacuum tubes, which were large, bulky, and prone to overheating.

The second generation of computers made a significant advancement by using transistors, which were smaller, faster, and more reliable than vacuum tubes.

Instead of punched cards, computers in the second generation began using magnetic tapes for input, a more efficient way to store and retrieve data.

The second generation of computers introduced operating systems, specifically batch processing and multiprogramming operating systems. This allowed for more efficient use of computer resources.

The memory capacity of second-generation computers was significantly larger than their predecessors, reaching 32,000 bits.

The process of confirming the authenticity of something, like verifying a person's identity with documents or checking if a website is genuine with a digital certificate.

A person who uses their skills to illegally access other people's computers, often to steal information or cause damage.

A computer controlled remotely by a hacker, often used to launch attacks or spread malware.

When a hacker successfully exploits a weakness in a computer or device, gaining access to its data and network.

A type of software that can be controlled remotely, often used for malicious purposes like sending spam or spreading malware. A botnet is a collection of infected computers under the control of a hacker.

A device that performs calculations, operations, and processes based on instructions from software or hardware programs.

A computer is a versatile machine, capable of processing information in a variety of formats, such as text, images, audio, and video.

Computers can be used for tasks like word processing, web browsing, playing games, scientific research, and managing businesses.

A computer is a combination of hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical components, while software refers to the instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

Software is like a recipe, providing the instructions for the hardware - like the tools and ingredients - to follow.

Computers use binary code, a system of 0s and 1s, to represent and process information.

Computers are essential tools for modern life. They are used in communication, education, healthcare, finance, industry, and many other areas.

The advancement of computers over time, with each generation featuring significant improvements in speed, size, and capabilities.

A type of malware that secretly records all keystrokes on a computer, capturing sensitive information like passwords, credit card details, and emails.

An attack where a malicious actor pretends to be a trustworthy entity, like a bank or trusted website, to trick you into revealing personal information.

A cyberattack where someone impersonates another user to gain unauthorized access, often by manipulating data like email addresses.

A type of cyberattack designed to redirect a website's traffic to a fraudulent, fake copy, stealing your information.

A program that protects your computer from various types of malware, like viruses, worms, and Trojans.

A security system that acts like a gatekeeper for your network, controlling what information goes in and out.

The process of verifying who you are and granting access to specific resources based on that verification.

The process of defining and setting access rights and permissions for different users or groups within a system.

An electronic circuit that outputs the opposite of an XOR gate. Specifically, it outputs a low signal only when one input is high and the other is low, otherwise it outputs a high signal.

A system of mathematical logic dealing with binary variables (0 or 1) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT). It helps represent and manipulate information in a digital form.

A system of representing numbers using a specific base, which determines the number of unique digits available. The value of each digit depends on its position.

A system of representing numbers with a base of 10, using digits from 0 to 9. Each position to the left of the decimal point represents a power of 10.

A number system with a base of 2, using only the digits 0 and 1. Each position represents a power of 2.

A number system with a base of 8, using digits from 0 to 7. More compact than binary.

A number system with a base of 16, using digits from 0 to 9 and letters A to F. It's often used in computer programming.

The process of converting data, such as letters or words, into a numerical format that computers can understand.

A program that requests information from a server, like a web browser or email client.

A common type of network where a dedicated server handles requests from multiple clients.

The 'brain' of a computer, responsible for executing instructions and processing data.

A small fast memory that stores frequently used data, making the CPU work faster.

A technique to reduce the size of files by eliminating redundant information.

A portion of memory used to temporarily store information, commonly used for cutting and pasting text.

A group of objects with identical characteristics and behaviors.