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Questions and Answers
What is the subnet mask for the IP address 192.168.10.25?
What is the subnet mask for the IP address 192.168.10.25?
Which class does the IP address 192.168.10.0 belong to?
Which class does the IP address 192.168.10.0 belong to?
Which of the following is a function of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?
Which of the following is a function of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?
What does the command 'ping' primarily test?
What does the command 'ping' primarily test?
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Which of the following IP address ranges is reserved for Class B public addresses?
Which of the following IP address ranges is reserved for Class B public addresses?
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What type of information does the traceroute command provide?
What type of information does the traceroute command provide?
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Which of these IP addresses is a private IP address?
Which of these IP addresses is a private IP address?
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Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end delivery?
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end delivery?
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What is the purpose of the TTL (Time To Live) message in ICMP?
What is the purpose of the TTL (Time To Live) message in ICMP?
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Which range of IP addresses corresponds to Class A private addresses?
Which range of IP addresses corresponds to Class A private addresses?
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Study Notes
Vulnerability, Threats, and Impact
- Vulnerability: Represents inherent weaknesses in networks or devices that can be exploited.
- Threats: Actions that exploit vulnerabilities, posing risks to asset confidentiality, integrity, or availability.
- Impact: Results from a threat leveraging a vulnerability, causing potential damage to assets.
Risk and Security Focus
- Risk: Measure of realized vulnerability cost; impossible to eliminate entirely.
- Formula: Risk = Threat x Vulnerabilities; higher risk when asset value and attack probability are elevated.
- Mitigation: High-risk areas require prioritization for protection using time and resources.
Types of Threats
- Accidental Threats: Natural disasters, revolutions, and force majeure events.
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Intentional Threats:
- Passive: No changes made; exploit existing vulnerabilities.
- Active: Changes made to inflict harm.
Categories of Threats
- Natural Threats: Include storms, temperature extremes, and earthquakes.
- Chemical/Biological/Radiological Threats: Affect hospitals, factories, and cause spills.
- Malicious Human Threats: Activities by hackers, espionage, or disgruntled employees.
- Non-malicious Human Threats: Mistakes due to lack of training or accidental deletions.
Examples of Risks
- Information Theft: Unauthorized access to confidential data for various misuse.
- Data Loss and Manipulation: Alteration or destruction of data records through breaches.
- Identity Theft: Stolen personal information used for unauthorized legal activities.
- Disruption of Service: Blocking legitimate user access to services or information.
Internal Security Threats
- Internal threats may cause greater damage as insiders have direct access to resources and knowledge of the network.
- Governance: Frameworks and policies for achieving business goals.
- Risk Management: Identifying and controlling financial, legal, strategic, and security risks.
- Compliance: Adhering to standards, laws, and regulations.
Security Roles and Functions
- Security Auditor: Reviews security systems against standards and regulations.
- Information Security Consultant: Develops effective security strategies.
- Security Risk Analyst: Identifies and proposes solutions for security threats.
Cyber Security Jobs in Security Operations Center (SOC)
- SOC: Centralized unit addressing organizational security issues, monitoring systems for attacks.
- SOC Analyst: Oversees system security, ensuring protection protocols.
- Incident Handler: Analyzes and coordinates responses to security incidents.
Transport Layer Protocols
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Connection-oriented, ensures reliable communication with error checking and data recovery.
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless service, best-effort delivery, limited error checking and no data recovery.
IP Address Classes
- Class A: 0.0.0.0/8 to 127.0.0.0/8 - Public IP: 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255, Private: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.
- Class B: 128.0.0.0/16 to 191.255.0.0/16 - Public: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255, Private: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255.
- Class C: 192.0.0.0/24 to 223.255.255.0/24 - Public: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255, Private: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.
Network Layer Protocol - ICMP
- ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Provides feedback on IP packet processing issues.
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Common ICMP Messages:
- Host reachability
- Destination Service Unreachable
- TTL (Time to Live) exceeded
ICMP Applications
- Ping: Tests network connectivity.
- Traceroute (tracert): Identifies the path and round-trip time between two hosts.
Data Link Layer Responsibilities
- Facilitates communication between network interface cards and provides end-to-end delivery.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in cybersecurity, specifically focusing on vulnerabilities, threats, and their impacts. This quiz challenges you to understand how these elements interact and the importance of securing networks and devices against attacks. Prepare to explore the critical aspects of cybersecurity for a safer digital environment.
